Biology1021-Biology2 SU01_Labeaux_Week4 Project

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1 Immune System Immune System Starlynn LaBeaux Biology1021-Biology 2 SU01 Professor Harrison May 21, 2022
2 Immune System Immune System Purposes and Functions The main activities of the immune system include defense against dangerous chemicals in the body, such as via the skin and digestive system. The human body's immune system may be divided into two distinct functions. Adaptive and inborn. To provide total protection, innate immunity serves as the foundation. Multicellular creatures and single cells alike are safeguarded by it. It depends on a network of damaging sensors known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to recognize danger signals (Rankin, 2018). Antigen-specific responses are sent by the adaptive immune system employing immunological memory, which allows it to expand. Both approaches have varying degrees of interdependency. The immune system's job is to develop antibodies that combat infections that the body comes into contact with. When the immune system is functioning correctly, it isn't easy to detect its existence. A person may get unwell if they cannot fight against pathogens if it fails to work typically (Rankin, 2018). The virus that causes chickenpox in children, for example, may make a person unwell from the moment they come into contact with it. The body would be unable to fight itself against potentially dangerous compounds entering the body or against significant physiological adjustments occurring inside the body if it did not have an immune system. Viruses, fungi, bacteria, and parasites are among the microorganisms that the immune system is tasked with eliminating, and the body is tasked with defending itself against. To combat disease-causing microbes that alter their structure comparable to cancer cells, the immune system is responsible for identifying and neutralizing dangerous components in the environment (Rankin, 2018)
3 Immune System The Interactions of the Different Systems of the Body An individual's overall health depends on the proper functioning of their immune system. Little police officers are constantly patrolling every organ and tissue in the human body. When it comes to transportation, the immune and circulatory systems work hand-in-hand. The lymphatic system produces lymphocytes. There are trillions of cells in the body, including organs and blood arteries, that work together. A person's organs, cells, and blood arteries work together to keep them alive. The systems are interconnected and reliant on one another to work correctly. You can't make your body's heartbeat unless your nervous system and brain communicate with each other. The digestive system provides nutrients to the skeletal system, resulting in strong and healthy bones. The appropriate functioning of each biological structure is compatible with a wide variety of systems. The vascular system, for example, demonstrates how different bodily parts work together. The heart uses a complex system of blood arteries to draw it from the lungs to transport blood. After that, the blood circulates throughout the body, collecting nutrients from the digestive system. Oxygen is taken up by the lungs and transported to the rest of the body via the blood. The body removes waste from cells, such as carbon dioxide, by transporting it to the lungs and kidneys. The circulatory system distributes hormones from the endocrine system and the cells of the immune system that inhibit the growth of bacteria. To function correctly, the human systems are interdependent. The circulatory system, which relies on oxygen stored in tissues, drives the respiratory system. Muscles and hearts can't work without oxygen supplied by our lungs. Skull and spine bones, together with the brain and spinal cord, are protected by these structures regulated by brain activity. Consequently, blood flow to the brain is sufficient to maintain high blood pressure and a rapid heartbeat, which are commanded by the mind
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4 Immune System (Beghi, 2011). Failure of one organ has a ripple effect across the whole body. For example, if one's lungs stop working, the rest of the body will be adversely impacted and become weaker. Every one of the body's systems is connected to the others. It is the job of the urinary system to remove waste products created by bone cells from the body. On the other hand, the skeleton's bones protect the bladder and other urinary system organs. Blood cell production requires the supply of oxygen to the bones, which the circulatory system provides. To sustain homeostasis, which is an internal state of balance and stability, all body systems must work together in harmony (Weng, 2006). When one portion of the body is affected by a disease, it might produce problems in other body regions. Pneumonia is more common in people with AIDS because of their impaired respiratory systems, which weaken the immune system (Weng, 2006). An esophageal disease called candida, yeast infections generated by the reproductive system, and a kind of skin cancer called Kaposi sarcoma have their roots in the digestive system. As part of our immune system, the skin, or integumentary system, plays a critical role. When an infection is present, this is the body's principal defense response. The skin, particularly the hands, is more vulnerable to harmful germs and viruses than the lungs are. When these germs develop, the leather contains cells that remove them. Touching a contaminated surface is the most common way for an organism to enter a person's body (Thouless, 2014). Both the immune system and the white blood cells are interdependent. Antibiotic-resistant white blood cells are more muscular when the immune system is robust. When a baby is still in the womb, they are given a series of immunizations. Diseases may readily infect those with weak immune systems (Beghi, 2011).
5 Immune System Issues that affect the immune system and how such issues affect human life Occasionally, the immune system may not be up to snuff. Immune deficiency at birth, medicine that suppresses the immunological system, such as steroids, or ineffective immune responses, such as allergies. The immune system is critical to human well-being and survival. Immune defense systems keep the body safe from harmful chemicals (Thouless, 2014). An overactive immune system causes the body's defenses to be overwhelmed by microorganisms, weakening autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and Lupus. The immune system might mistake an innocuous habit like pollen for an assault on a parasite, resulting in allergies. Chronic inflammation may throw the immune system off-kilter, increasing the risk of cardiovascular and cancer-related illnesses. Stress in everyday life affects the immune system. Personal concerns, travel, exhausting exercise, and a change in nutrition may cause the immune system to become imbalanced, which can negatively influence overall health (Andrew L. Kau, 2011) An inherent genetic difference, a drug that weakens the immune system, and viruses that damage the immune system's components are all causes of immunodeficiency disorders. Allergies may be a side effect of some drugs, such as cancer chemotherapy and immune suppressants. Infections alter even the way we live. In terms of chronic immune system conditions, HIV is the most frequent one. This disease progresses in stages, the last one being known as AIDs, which causes death. The human immune system is plagued by genetic variability (Andrew L. Kau, 2011) Any change to an individual's DNA will result in crucial components of the immune system lacking. However, due to the weakened immune system that results from these illnesses, the individuals suffering from them are more likely to face several different infections. Since all of these factors, a person's ability to live a healthy life is negatively impacted because they often have to cope with illnesses (Andrew L. Kau, 2011).
6 Immune System Reference References Andrew L. Kau, P. P. (2011, June 15). Human nutrition, the gut microbiome and the immune system . Retrieved from Nature : https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10213 Beghi, E. (2011, May). Antiepileptic drugs and the immune system . Retrieved from National Library of Medicine: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21542845/ Rankin, L. C. (2018, April 19). Beyond Host Defense: Emerging Functions of the Immune System in Regulating Complex Tissue Physiology . Retrieved from National Library of Medicine: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29677509/ Thouless, D. J. (2014). The Quantum Mechanics of Many-Body Systems. Dover Publications, Incorporated. Weng, N.-P. (2006, May 24). Aging of the immune system: how much can the adaptive immune system adapt? Retrieved from National Library of Medicine: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16713964/
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