Ch.3 Diffusion and Osmosis_Postlab Assignment FA22

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Bio 204 Lab Ch.1 Diffusion and Osmosis Post-Lab Assignment Post-Lab 1. Graph the data in rows 3-7 of Table 2. You must decide whether to use scatter plot or bar graph. Be sure to label and scale axes and legend correctly (legend should NOT say “series 1, series 2, etc.). Finally, add a descriptive caption below the graph in the following format: “ Figure 1: …” For some example graphs and captions, see page 7 of the lab manual. (3 pt.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 f(x) = 0.09 x + 20.78 R² = 0.97 f(x) = 0.03 x + 17.66 R² = 0.88 f(x) = 0 x + 17 R² = 0.1 f(x) = − 0.09 x + 20.66 R² = 0.94 A (1% sucrose in tube/ 50% outside) Linear (A (1% sucrose in tube/ 50% outside)) B (1% sucrose in tube/ 1% outside) Linear (B (1% sucrose in tube/ 1% outside)) C (25% sucrose in tube/ 1% outside) Linear (C (25% sucrose in tube/ 1% outside)) D (50% sucrose in tube/ 1% outside) Linear (D (50% sucrose in tube/ 1% outside)) Time (minutes) Weight of dialysis tube (grams) Figure 1: This scatter plot represents the weight the 4 different dialysis tubes that have different % of sucrose inside, that are submerged in different concentrations of sucrose at specific intervals of time. The trendline shows how each dialysis tube either gains or loses weight depending on the % sucrose inside the tube and % sucorse outside the tube. For example, tube A loses weight because the solution causes it to shrink (hypertonic) due to the high solute concentration outaide the tube (50%) compared to the 1% inracellular fluid. In contrast, tube C and D are both hypotonic since it has a lower solute concentration ( both 1% sucrose) than the intracellular fluid (25% and 50%), causing it to swell. Note: small error in format of x axis title overlapping the legend. 2. In the graph you made above, do any of your tubes appear to show internal turgor pressure counteracting osmosis? Which one(s)? Explain how you can tell this by looking at the graph (2 pt.) In the graph, tube C shows internal turgor pressure counteracting osmosis since in the beginning of the graph it was increasing by a large amount until towards the end after the 30-minute mark it began to level out. This shows that the tube was full, and that the sucrose couldn’t enter as dramatically anymore, counteracting osmosis due to the internal turgor pressure. Tube D also

began to level out although not as much as tube C since tube D was still increasing at a high amount, although not as dramatically as the first 0-30 minutes. Tube D is also counteracting since it is very full therefore it began to slow the net inward flow of water just like in tube C. For Questions 3 through 5, log into your LabXchange account and follow the instructions below: 3. Explore the role of temperature on the rate of diffusion. Select the Diffusion and Temperature simulation . Set the temperature, click start, and then remove the barrier. (a) Record the time it takes for three balls to reach the sensor in the table below. (b) Describe how temperature affects the rate of diffusion. (2pts) The colder it is, the longer the rate of diffusion since the molecules move very slow in low temperatures due to low energy. As the temperature increases to medium, the molecules begin to move faster since it is now warmer, therefore the rate of diffusion is much faster than low temperatures. In high temperatures, the molecules move very fast since there is more energy, causing a rapid rate of diffusion. Table 1 Relative Temperature Time for 3 molecules to trigger sensor Low 20.3 seconds Medium 11.8 seconds High 5.7 seconds 4. Explore the role of molecular mass on the rate of diffusion. Select the Diffusion and Molecular Mass simulation . Select the mass of the molecules and click "start", and then remove the barrier. (2pts) (a) Record the amount of time it takes three molecules to reach the gas sensor in the table below. (b) Compare the diffusion rates of the low, medium and higher molecular weight molecules. Based on the simulation you can conclude that molecules that have more molecular mass (heavier) will move more slowly than molecules that have less molecular mass (lighter). The heavier molecules then diffuse more slowly than the lighter molecules.

Table 2 Relative mass Time for 3 molecules to trigger sensor Low 5.3 Medium 11.5 High 13.9 5. Explore the effect of solute size on diffusion. Biological membranes are selectively permeable; some molecules can cross while others cannot. One way to affect this is through pore size. Select the Diffusion across Semipermeable Membranes . Change the pore size with the slider to change the permeability of the membranes to the different types of molecules. Start with a pore size small enough that only the blue molecules can cross. Watch for a few minutes, and then increase the pore size so that it is just large enough for the green molecules to cross. The open the pores to the maximum size. It’s very relaxing to watch. You could probably hang out for hours staring at this simulation, but it’s time to move on! Before you go, write down the size of the pores in the simulation (relative to the size of the green and blue substrates) that represents the situation in the experiment you carried out in Activity 1. (1pt) When the size of the pores in the simulation are opened big enough to allow the blue substrates and the green substrates to pass, all the substrates move around freely, entering and exiting the membrane. Although when the size of the pores is small enough to allow the blue substrate but not the green substrate to pass, the blue substrate moves around easily through the membranes but not fast. Like activity 1, this shows how due to size of molecules, they can’t pass through the membrane easily (green cant cross because it’s too large) although due to size if some made it through, the molecules are present in the membrane. Large molecules can’t pass through the membranes easily or sometimes at all when the pore size is too small.

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