Genetics Practice Midterm 2022 - Couch

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Feb 20, 2024

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!"#$%&% &(&&)% *+, !+-.. /0123 Genetics Practice Midterm 2022 %4 Answer all questions in the space provided. 2) Writing can be in pencil or ink, but pencil, erasable ink or answers with white-out cannot be remarked. 3) Answers may be in sentences or point form. Illustrations are acceptable but must be annotated. 4) Students suspected of any dishonest practices will be immediately dismissed from the examination and will be subject to disciplinary action. 5) Other than a one-page (double-sided) study sheet, no other memory devices are permitted. Study sheets that exceed the size limit may be confiscated and may be considered as cheating. 6) Make sure you have 6 pages (3 pieces of paper) including this cover page.
Question 1 The picture below shows the chromosomes in a cell from an F1 plant at G1 and one of the products of meiosis. For this activity, if crossing-over occurs, assume that only one crossing- over event occurs per chromosome per meiosis (i.e. only one pair of chromatids will be recombinant). Cell from an F1 individual at G1. One of the four gametes produced 1a) What is the ploidy of the F1 individual? _______________________ 1b) What is the haploid number of the F1 individual? ____________________ 1c) Considering only the genes and alleles diagrammed in the figure above, how many different haploid genotypes can be produced by the F1 individual? number of possible haploid genotypes = ___________________________ 1d) If the parents of the F1 individual were pure breeding, what are all the possible genotypes of the parents that generated this F1 individual? 1e) In the table below (on the next page), draw cells at each of the stages given in column 1. Your drawings must reflect the specific arrangement(s) of chromosomes that will give rise to the gamete shown above. You will need to draw the other haploid products resulting from this meiosis. • Show the spindle or use arrows to indicate the direction of chromosome movement (if relevant), and clearly label the genes and alleles on all of the chromosomes or chromatids. • You may use either bars or straight lines to represent chromatids. Chromosomes should be diagrammed as condensed at all stages for clarity.
Stage of the Cell Cycle Diagram of chromosomes at the given stage Cell at Anaphase of Meiosis I The 4 resulting gametes. One gamete is shown.
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1f) For the plant cell from the F1 individual, indicate when each of these events occurs. Crossing over ______________________________ Independent assortment _____________________ The cell becomes haploid. ____________________ 1g) When Mendel crossed F1 pea plants with round yellow seeds (genotype RrYy), what processes were responsible for generating the observed 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio in the offspring? Question 2 Having taken some genetics classes, you are approached by a friend who is a butterfly breeder. Your friend has butterflies with wings that either have long or short tail-like extensions and bodies that are grey or black. Your friend has performed some crosses and wants help interpreting the data. Different individuals were used for each cross and the number of offspring is indicated in brackets. The results of the crosses are shown in the table below. From your research, you know that in this species females are XX and males are XY. Parents Offspring Male Female Male Female 1 Grey body, long tail Black body, short tail Black body, short tail (100) Grey body, short tail (100) Black body, short tail (100) Grey body, short tail (100) 2 Black body, short tail Grey body, Long tail Black body, long tail (100) Grey body, long tail (100) Black body, short tail (100) Grey body, short tail (100) 3 Grey body, long tail Grey body, Long tail White body, long tail (100) Grey body, long tail (200) Black body, long tail (100) White body, long tail (100) Grey body, long tail (200) Black body, long tail (100)
a) Choose a trait to investigate and circle your choice. Body Color / Tail length b) Define gene and allele symbols for your trait of choice. c) Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes for your trait of choice d) How is the trait you chose inherited in this species? Justify your answer with reference to the results from specific crosses, crosses can be diagrammed as Punnet squares. Include a brief, written explanation of how the data support your conclusion.
Question 3 Consider three traits in pea plants. Seed shape, seed colour and flower colour. Each trait is controlled by a single gene with two alleles. Round “R” is dominant to wrinkled “r”; yellow “Y” is dominant to green “y”. For flower colour the purple “P” and white “p” alleles are codominant/incompletely dominant, the heterozygotes have pink flowers. You cross a pure breeding plant with round, green seeds and purple flowers with another pure breeding plant that has wrinkled yellow seeds and white flowers. a) What are the phenotype(s) and frequencies of the F1 plants produced by this cross? b) You self-pollinate the F1 plants to produce a large number of F2 offspring. What is the expected frequency of offspring that have round green seeds and pink flowers? Show your work.
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