Weekly Worksheet 2.docx

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Feb 20, 2024

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BIOL 2303: Microbiology Weekly Worksheet 2 Name/ID: _Reim Chamseddine/101267447__ MIDTERM- STYLE QUESTIONS 1. Lysozyme is an enzyme that cleaves glycosidic bonds between N-acteylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid. Lysozyme is present in human secretions including tears and saliva. What is the function of lysozyme in human secretions? Lysozyme plays a role in innate immunity by protecting the body against pathogens. 2. You have a microbial specimen you want to identify. You follow these steps: a) Fix and stain the specimen with nucleic acid stain, you observe that the specimen has a DNA arranged in a single circular chromosome and no nucleus. Is the specimen prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Explain. No nucleus observation of the specimen provides evidence that the specimen is prokaryotic as they are characterized by their lack of nucleus with a membrane. A single circular chromosome hints that it is a prokaryote as most prokaryotes contain a loop of DNA whereas eukaryotes contain linear DNA. b) Analyze the cell wall composition of the specimen and determine that the cell wall is made of peptidoglycan. Is the specimen Bacteria or Archaea ? Explain. A cell wall composition of peptidoglycan likely makes the specimen a bacterium since peptidoglycan is a key component of bacterial cell walls. Archaea usually don't have peptidoglycan in their cell walls and instead they have cell walls composed of pseudopeptidoglycan or glycoproteins. c) Gram stain the specimen and it stains purple. Is the specimen gram-positive or gram-negative? Explain. Since the gram stain of the specimen is purple this tells us that it is gram positive and it was able to retain the stain due to the specimen’s lack of an outer LPS membrane but it contains many layers of peptidoglycan. BIOL2023_Winter2024

3. Compare & contrast: List one advantage and one disadvantage of complex media and defined media. BIOL2023_Winter2024 Media Type Advantage Disadvantage Complex Able to culture diverse microbial populations as most nutritional requirements are met. media is not standardized and recreating experimental results are difficult as many inconsistencies arise. Defined The culture is grown under well-defined conditions allowing for control over the environment. Not able to culture many microorganisms as not all nutritional requirements are met.

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