202301 lab 01 stats worksheet3

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Statistics & Writing Worksheet Question 1 (0.25 pts). Recreate the dataset shown below on a new Excel sheet. Replace the image below with a screenshot of your dataset. You can take a screenshot by pressing Win- Shift-S on Windows, or Shift-Cmd-3 on Mac. Question 2 (3 pts). This dataset contains data about the diets and sizes of the main olfactory bulb (mob) and auditory nucleus (aud) in 20 species of bats. These are parts of the brain involved in processing the senses of smell (main olfactory bulb) and hearing (auditory nucleus). The sizes are adjusted for overall body size: negative values have smaller than average mob or aud for their body mass, while positive values have larger than average mob or aud for their body mass. Each row represents 1 species of bat. Species that are “hawkers” are bats that catch insect prey in mid-flight, using echolocation to find their prey. “Herbivores” are bats that land on plants and consume fruits or leaves. BIOL 1108L Lab 1: Statistics in biology worksheet Page 1 of 4

Write a hypothesis about how the relative sizes of parts of the brain might be related to diet in bats (remember a hypothesis is explanatory and broader in scope than the specific study, refers specifically to the biology, and leads to many possible testable predictions). Then, write two predictions—one about mob and one about aud—that could be tested with this dataset. Hypothesis: The size of the parts of the brain responsible for sensory processing are adapted based on their diets – because the different types of sensory demands in how they forage for food Prediction about main olfactory bulb (mob): Herbivore bats will have larger mob sizes relative to their body mass in comparison to the hawker bats Prediction about auditory nucleus (aud): Hawker bats will have larger aud sizes relative to their body mass in comparison to the herbivore bats Question 3 (2.25 point; 0.25 pts per blank, 0.25 for pivot table): Use a pivot table to calculate the mean and SD of mob and aud for each diet type (hawker and herbivore). Round the numerical values to the nearest 0.01. Fill out the table below, then paste a screenshot into this document. Hawkers Herbivores Variable Mean SD Mean SD Main olfactory bulb -1.21 1.08 0.35 0.70 Auditory nucleus 0.75 0.94 -0.18 0.50 Paste screenshot here. BIOL 1108L Lab 1: Statistics in biology worksheet Page 2 of 4

Question 4 (1.5 pts; 0.25 pts per analysis): Use t -tests to test whether the size of each brain component varies between bats with different diets. Fill in the table below (round calculated values to 3 decimal places. You can never have a p-value = 0. If rounding results a p-value of 0 write <0.001). Test t d . f . P -value mob vs. diet -4.327 17.694 <0.001 aud vs. diet 2.908 17.864 0.009 Question 5 (1 point): Was each prediction (from question 2) correct or incorrect? Explain why or why not, using the results of your statistical analysis. Both of my predictions were correct. The results from the mob vs. diet test showed that there was a significant difference in the size of the mob between the hawker and the herbivore bats. Similarly the aud vs. diet test showed significant difference in the size of the aud between the two types of bats. The negative t-value in the mob test shows that that part of the brain is larger in herbivore bats while the positive t-test with aud shows that hawker bats have a larger aud part of their brain. Question 6 (1 point): Based on the results of your analysis, was the hypothesis from question 2 supported or not supported? Explain your answer. My hypothesis was supported by the statistical analysis because there was a significant difference in the sizes of the sensory processing parts of the brain between the bats with different diets. Question 7 (2 pts; 0.5 pts per sentence): Write 1 sentence for each section of the manuscript that you would write to report the results of your investigation into brain morphology in bats. Be sure to follow the guidance on writing manuscripts. Introduction: It has been observed that the size sensory processing areas in the brains of bats can align with the skills they need to find food, echolocation being related to aud area and smell being related to the mob area of the brain. Methods: To study this, the size of the mob and aud areas of the brain were recorded in two types of bats and then t-tests for the mob and aud were implemented to determine how the size of the brain components differed in each type of bat. Results: Both T-tests showed significant differences in the size of area of the brain between the two types of bats. T-test MOB vs. Diet (t=-4.327, df=17.694, p<0.001) T-Test AUD vs. Diet (t=2.908, df=17.864, p=0.009) BIOL 1108L Lab 1: Statistics in biology worksheet Page 3 of 4

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Discussion: The data found supported the hypothesis because there is a significant difference in the size of the two parts of the brain of bats depending on their diet- showing the diets of bats correlates with different brain morphologies depending on the skills needed to find food. BIOL 1108L Lab 1: Statistics in biology worksheet Page 4 of 4

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