Lab 3 Final, T6 update

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Lab Report 3: Buffer Systems 1 Lab Report 3: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Buffer Systems Manager ________________________ Recorder ______________________________ Lab Tech ________________________ Computer Tech _______________________ On campus students: Attach your LoggerPro graph to this Lab Report. Online students: Use graph and data attached to this assignment folder in D2L. 1. State your hypothesis. ____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2a. In this experiment, what was the independent variable? ____________________________________ 2b. What was the dependent variable? _______________________________________________________ 2c. Circle the independent variable and underline the dependent variable in the following prediction: IF simple chemicals are the best buffer category, THEN their total buffer range will be the smallest. 3a. Enter your team data in the table. Does your data support your hypothesis? ________ What about class data? _________ 3b. Which data set (team or class) is more useful when testing your hypothesis ? ___________ Why? _______________________ __________________________________________________________ 4. How should the pH of the solution being tested in the Acid beaker compare to that in the Base beaker before any acid or base is added? Why? ___________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Why was it of value to include the plot of water in acid and water in base with every experiment? _____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 6a. What effect did adding HCl have on the pH of each solution? _______________________________ 6b. What effect did adding NaOH have on the pH of each solution? ____________________________ 7. Study the figure below in order to answer the following questions. a. What is the initial pH of the solution being tested? ___________ b. Use red to color the line indicating the addition of an acid. c. Use blue to color the line indicating the addition of a base. d. What is ΔpH for the base? _____________ e. What is ΔpH for the acid? ____________ f. What is the total buffer range? ________ g. Draw and label a bracket on the figure to indicate the total buffer range. Cat. Substance Buffer Range A B C 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 5 10 15 20 25 30 # drops added pH

2 Lab Report 3: Buffer Systems 8. In category C, the biological organisms, only the yeast was an entire living organism; the rest were just parts. Which had the smallest total buffer range? _________________________ Offer an explanation why. ________________________________________________________________________ 9. If a person is suffering both a headache and acid indigestion, which substance would you recommend? Justify your answer. _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Indicate the range of initial pH values of the biological organisms by listing the lowest and highest values for those solutions. ____________________________ Offer an explanation as to why the initial pH range is not from 0 to 14. ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. Why was the acid and base added in 5 drop increments? Why not in 15 drop increments? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Study the following two graphs. Explain the results of each in the context of this experiment. Drops of what was added? _________ Initial pH: __________ Final pH: __________ ΔpH : ______________ Buffering ability? ___________________ Explanation of graph: ______________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Initial pH: __________ TOP LINE IN GRAPH: Drops of what was added? ________ Final pH: __________ BOTTOM LINE IN GRAPH: Drops of what was added? ________ Final pH: __________ Total Buffer Range: _______________ Buffering ability? __________________ 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 5 10 15 20 25 30 drops added pH 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 5 10 15 20 25 30 drops added pH

Lab 3: Buffer Systems 3 Begin analyzing your data by looking for “outliers”. Outliers are values which are far from the rest of the data. When outliers exist, you must decide your course of action: retest or accept the discrepancy based on a valid scientific explanation. Look at the buffer ranges by category for outliers. List any you find and decide on your course of action. Table 2: Initial pH and Buffer Range Cat. Substance Initial pH Buffer Range A B C Table 3: Initial pH and Buffer Range Cat. Outlier Course of Action Justify your course of action. A B C Table 4: Rankings based on pH Substance Initial pH Rank most acidic 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 least acidic Table 5: Rankings based on total buffer range Substance Total Buffer Range Rank greatest change 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 least change

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