Week 4 Discussion Forum

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Week 4 Discussion Forum: Viruses, Fungi, and Parasites Fungi tend to reproduce sexually when nutrients are limited or other conditions are unfavorable, but they reproduce asexually in more ideal conditions. Why is this strategy successful? Perhaps the most significant reason that fungal reproduction is successful given both routes—sexually and asexually—is because of evolution. That fungi are adaptive in any environment is a testament to their reproductive success (Lee, et al, 2010). In environments where conditions are favorable, i.e. nutrients are enough or in abundance, fungi produce spores, which are considered as the dormant form of fungi. This process of reproduction is asexual in nature and produces haploid cells (Bauman, 2018). More importantly, since the conditions are ideal, fungi can produce them in greater number not only because it’s efficient but more so because it protects them (spores and their DNA, ultimately) in the event that conditions become unfavorable, such in harsh environments or when nutrients are scarce. If, and when, such conditions occur, fungi switch to sexual reproduction; the efficiency of this process may be because it is less physiologically and/or biochemically taxing for the cell, although it is possible that such happens because sexual reproduction, where haploid cells combine to form diploid cells, produces fungal offspring with greater genetic variability (Lee, et al, 2010). This increases the chance of producing fungi that can survive in unfavorable environments, and with a diverse gene pool not all fungi will be in competition with each other, since their physiological needs may vary from one population to another. Both of these strategies, while not 100% successful, ensure a certain level of reproductive success that allow fungi to reproduce and propagate regardless of environmental changes. Reference Bauman, R. (2018). Microbiology with Diseases by Body Systems. Fifth edition. Pearson. Lee, S., Ni, M., Li, W., Shertz, C., & Heitman, J. (2010). The evolution of sex: a perspective from the fungal kingdom. Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR, 74(2), 298–340. https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00005-10

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