Microscope-Bot 110

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Modesto Junior College *

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110

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Botany 110 Name Kylie Tyler_____________________ Modesto Junior College McInnes Microscopy and Botany Microscopes are essential tools in the study of biology and botany. Many biological structures and organisms cannot be seen with our eyes alone. To make observations and collect data on these microscopic specimens botanists use dissecting scopes, compound light microscopes and scanning electron microscopes. Microscopic analysis of plant tissues allow us to study the anatomy and physiology of plant structures, learn about the climates that plants live in and observe how plants interact with other organisms. Purpose of today’s lab: The purpose of the lab is to get familiar with the microscope, focus on a specimen, to determine total magnification to estimate size of specimens and create a drawing of them. Care of the Microscope: Always carry a microscope with two hands Clean lenses with lens paper and alcohol Microscopes should be stored with the objective lens set to low power List here the proper method of focusing a specimen. Set to the 4x objective lens, set stage to its lowest setting, focus with Coarse adjustment. Adjust light. Switch objective to 10x, focus with fine adjustment, adjust light. • Switch to 40x objective, focus with fine adjustment, adjust light. * Only Use coarse adjustment at low power Total Magnification: The total magnification of the microscope is calculated by multiplying the power of the _Ocular lens_ _____________ by the power of the _____Objective lens_________________. Field of View Microscopic Field of View Magnification Field of View Diameter 40X 4500μm 100X 1200 μm 400X 450 μm 1000X 180 μm Field of View: Assume the outer circle below represents your field of view in a compound microscope. Estimate the diameter of the smaller circle at low power _4500_ _____ μm

Estimate the diameter of the smaller circle at high power ___450 ____ μm Observation of Prepared Slides of Diatoms and Spirogyra: 1. Obtain a Spirogyra slide 2. Place the slide on the stage and view at low power (40X). Center Spirogyra in the field of view.

3. Move the slide on the stage to the left. What happens to the specimen as observed through the FOV? _____________________________________________________ 4. Move the slide to the right. What happens? _____________________________________________ 5. Move the slide away from you on the stage. What do you observe in the FOV? ______________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Move the slide towards you on the stage. What do you observe? ______________________________________________________________________________________ 7. View the specimen at high power (400X). Use the fine adjustment only to focus. Draw what you see. Spirogyra at 40X Spirogyra at 400X 1. Obtain a Diatoms slide 2. Place the slide on the stage and view at low power (40X). Center diatoms in the field of view. Draw what you see. 3. Focus in on different types of Diatoms. What happens to the other diatoms in the field of view? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. View the specimens at high power (400X). Use the fine adjustment only to focus. Draw what you see. Diatoms at 40X Diatoms at 400X Methods - Watch instructional video on how to make each slide.

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Observations: Figure 1: Elodea Please draw and color what you observed in the microscope’s field of view while observing elodea. Label the cell wall, cytoplasm and chloroplasts. Estimate of size___________ Total Mag___________ Figure 2: Onion Please draw and color what you observed in the microscope’s field of view while observing onion. Label the cell wall, nucleus and cytoplasm. Estimate of size___________ Total Mag___________ Figure 3: Bell Pepper - Chromoplasts Please draw and color what you observed in the microscope’s field of view while observing bell pepper. Label the cell wall, cytoplasm, chromoplasts.

Estimate of size___________ Total Mag___________ Figure 4: Human Cheek Cells Please draw and color what you observed in the microscope’s field of view while observing human cheek cells. Label the plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. Estimate of size___________ Total Mag___________ Questions and Conclusions: 1. Name two structures or organelles that plant cells have and that animal cells do not. __________________________________ __________________________________ 2. Why didn’t we stain the Elodea or Bell Pepper cells? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Why do you think plant cells have a rectangular shape? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. How could you tell that the cells we observed today were eukaryotic? __________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What is the function of the Cell Wall? What biochemicals make up the structure of the Cell Wall? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What is the function of Chloroplasts? Name a few pigments that may be found in various chloroplasts found in plants? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Chromoplasts, like chloroplasts are specialized plastids. What is the function of chromoplasts found in Red Bell Pepper? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What is cytoplasmic streaming? Did you observe this in class today? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________

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