Bot110-HW-3

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Modesto Junior College *

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110

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Bot 110. Name Kylie Tyler . Homework 3 Use your book, lecture notes and the Internet to complete the homework assignments. You will submit this assignment as a PDF or docx file in Canvas. Please put your answers in blue font. Answer questions in complete sentences. As you respond to homework items, think about what you read and heard in lecture and then put that information in your own words. Do not cut and paste from lectures or the internet. It is fine, to print the HW, complete it by hand, then scan and submit. Cells 1. Cells and Their DNA : What are the big distinctions between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? Prokaryotic cell (Prokaryote) Eukaryotic cell (Eukaryote) Nucleus membrane bound? No. Nucleus membrane bound? Yes. DNA: circular DNA: linear Organelles? No Organelles? Yes DNA building blocks letters for both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes are: A,T,C,G ___________ Which are you? (prokaryote or eukaryote) Eukaryote Are Plants Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes? Why? Eukaryotes because plants and animal cells contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles 2. What are the relative sizes of cells? Prokaryotes are significantly smaller than Eukaryotes, with Eukaryotic cells being around 10- 100 microns 3. Name three organelles involved in the synthesis of proteins in a cell. How is each actually involved in the process? Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. Rough ER provides a site for ribosomes attachment and its cisternae package in vesicles proteins made on the ribosomes for transport to the Golgi Apparatus. Golgi Apparatus modifies and packages the proteins it receives for various destinations within or outside the cell.

4. Name and describe three organelles that are only found in plant cells. Three organelles found only in plant cells are first, chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis, containing chlorophyll pigment. The cell wall, provides structural support and protection for the cell, and the central vacuole, which stores water, pigments, and nutrients. 5. Label and describe the functions of the various parts of the following plant cell: 6. What is Endosymbiotic Theory ? It’s a theory that states eukaryotic cells came from prokaryotic cells. Which organelles are involved in this theory? eukaryotic cells, and prokaryotic cells Where did organelles come from? Organelles came from prokaryotic cells with the ancestor of eukaryotic cells. Do some research: What organism is the single closest relative to the ancient mitochondrial invaders?

The closest relative to the ancient mitochondrial invaders is a group of bacteria called alpha-proteobacteria , what does it cause? Nitrogen fixation and carbon cycling. Who first described this theory and when? Lynn Marguils in 1970. 7. What are plastids? Why are they important to plants? Plastids is a plant cell chloroplast; they provide essential functions such as photosynthesis. Plastids are also responsible for food storage and can change the color of the cell. 8. Label the following pictures of plant tissues (Parenchyma, sclerenchyma, collenchyma, conducting tissues) and then describe the properties of each type of tissue.

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