Lecture 16

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Oct 30, 2023

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Sebastián Capó Lecture 16 Chapter 21 Synopsis: The provided text, "Textures of Worship: Handel and the English Oratorio," explores the life and work of the renowned composer George Frideric Handel, with a particular focus on his English oratorios, most notably "Messiah." It delves into the historical and cultural context of Handel's time, the creation and significance of English oratorios, and the enduring popularity of "Messiah." The oratorio, a large-scale musical genre, emerged from religious plays during the Counter-Reformation and was initially sponsored by the Catholic Church. Handel, who had experience with Italian opera, introduced English oratorios by combining elements of Italian and English musical styles. Unlike Catholic oratorios, Handel's works were not officially sponsored by the church, making them entrepreneurial endeavors designed to be profitable. "Messiah" premiered in Dublin in 1742 and quickly became one of the most beloved works in the English-speaking world. Its libretto is a compilation of biblical verses from the Old and New Testaments, divided into three parts: the Christmas section, the Easter section, and the redemption section. The text also explains the aria "Rejoice greatly" and the iconic "Hallelujah Chorus" from "Messiah." Reflection: The text offers a profound exploration of Handel's contributions to sacred music, particularly his English oratorios. It effectively communicates the historical context and significance of these works, particularly "Messiah." Handel's ability to combine elements of Italian opera and English choral style is highlighted, shedding light on his adaptability as a composer. The story of "Messiah's" rapid composition, with Handel reportedly feeling divinely inspired, adds a layer of mystique to the piece. The text underscores how this divine

connection may have contributed to the enduring popularity of the oratorio. Additionally, the analysis of specific musical excerpts, such as the soprano aria "Rejoice greatly" and the "Hallelujah Chorus," showcases Handel's composition techniques and how they connect to the text's message. Moreover, the text encourages readers to explore contemporary sacred music and contemplate how composers use various musical elements to convey spiritual messages. This approach offers a deeper understanding of how music can enhance spiritual experiences and foster community participation. In summary, "Textures of Worship: Handel and the English Oratorio" provides a comprehensive overview of Handel's legacy, the English oratorio genre, and the timeless appeal of "Messiah." It is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the intersection of music, spirituality, and cultural history. Prelude 4 Synopsis: The text discusses the role of classicism in Western culture, focusing on classical music during the 18th century and early 19th century. It highlights how classicism, with its emphasis on order, reason, and clarity, has deep roots in Western culture dating back to ancient Greece and Rome. The Classical era, from roughly 1750 to 1825, is depicted as a period when classical ideals were particularly strong, coinciding with the Enlightenment, which stressed reason in human experience. The text delves into the elements of the classical style in music, emphasizing the works of composers from the Viennese School, like Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, and Schubert. It describes how classical music is characterized by elegant, lyrical melodies, harmonies based on major and minor scales, well-defined meters and tempos, and a focus on balanced structures that provide both unity and variety. The patronage system, where aristocrats sponsored the arts, is also discussed. This system offered musicians and composers economic security and a social framework within which to work. The text briefly touches on the participation of women in music during this era and their growing prominence.

The transition from palace performances to public concerts is noted, and it's highlighted that 18th-century audiences were eager to hear new music, which encouraged composers' productivity. The idea of communication through instrumental storytelling is introduced as an essential element in the emerging Romantic sensibility. Reflection: The text provides an informative overview of the classical period in music and its broader cultural context. It underscores the enduring influence of classical ideals and their connections to ancient Greece and Rome, making it a central theme in Western culture. This emphasis on order, reason, and clarity aligns with the intellectual movement of the Enlightenment, creating a backdrop for the development of classical music. The description of the elements of classical music, including the characteristics of melodies, harmonies, and the use of different meters and tempos, offers insight into what defines this musical style. Moreover, the shift from aristocratic patronage to public concerts is a crucial development that contributed to the broader accessibility of classical music, enabling composers to connect with wider audiences. The brief discussion of women's roles in music during this era adds a layer of diversity and inclusivity to the narrative. Female composers and performers, such as Nannerl Mozart and Maria Theresia von Paradis, are presented as notable figures who made significant contributions to the musical landscape. The text also hints at the emerging Romantic sensibility, foreshadowing a shift from classicism to a new era in music. This introduction to the concept of communication through instrumental storytelling sets the stage for further exploration of the Romantic period in music. Overall, the text effectively conveys the cultural significance of classicism, the musical characteristics of the classical period, and the societal changes that shaped music during this era.

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Mendelssohn - A Midsummer Night's Dream Overture, Op. 21 (Kurt Masur, Gewandhausorchestra): Mendelssohn's "A Midsummer Night's Dream Overture" is a musical masterpiece that captures the enchanting and whimsical essence of Shakespeare's play. It's a vibrant composition that brilliantly evokes the magical and mysterious atmosphere of the forest where the play's events take place. The orchestration is vivid and colorful, reflecting Mendelssohn's keen sense of orchestral timbre. Kurt Masur and the Gewandhaus Orchestra deliver a stellar performance, emphasizing the work's grace and playful spirit. Mendelssohn - Wedding March from "A Midsummer Night's Dream", Op. 61: The "Wedding March" from Mendelssohn's "A Midsummer Night's Dream" is one of the most iconic and frequently played pieces during wedding ceremonies. Its joyful and triumphant character, along with its celebratory melodies, makes it a perfect choice for wedding processions. It's a testament to Mendelssohn's ability to craft music that resonates with a wide audience, transcending time and cultural boundaries. Mendelssohn: Octet in E-flat major, Op. 20 - Janine Jansen - International Chamber Music Festival HD: Mendelssohn's Octet in E-flat major is a remarkable piece of chamber music. Composed when he was only 16, it showcases his prodigious talent. The octet's structure is elegant, and the interplay between the eight musicians is intricate and delightful. Janine Jansen's performance, as part of the International Chamber Music Festival, is a testament to the enduring appeal of Mendelssohn's chamber works. Mendelssohn - Symphony No. 4 A major Op. 90 "Italian" (Kurt Masur & Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra): Mendelssohn's "Italian Symphony" is a lively and picturesque composition inspired by his travels in Italy. It's known for its exuberant melodies and rhythmic vitality. Kurt Masur and the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra breathe life into this symphony, capturing its Mediterranean spirit. The work's sunny disposition and the orchestra's precise execution make for a memorable performance. Biographical Overview of Felix Mendelssohn: Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847) was a German composer, pianist, conductor, and one of the most significant figures in the early Romantic period of classical music. He was born in Hamburg, Germany, into a

prominent and culturally influential family. Mendelssohn exhibited remarkable musical talent from a young age, composing his first works as a child. Mendelssohn's compositions are characterized by their lyricism, exquisite craftsmanship, and deep emotional expression. He played a pivotal role in the revival of interest in the music of Johann Sebastian Bach, arranging and conducting performances of Bach's St. Matthew Passion, which contributed significantly to Bach's lasting influence. Throughout his life, Mendelssohn traveled widely, gaining inspiration from different cultures and landscapes. His "Italian Symphony" and "Scottish Symphony" are notable examples of how these travels influenced his work. His chamber music, including the Octet, is highly regarded for its innovation and melodiousness. Mendelssohn's legacy extends beyond his compositions; he was a renowned conductor and helped establish the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra as a leading musical ensemble. His impact on the world of classical music endures through his compositions, which remain staples of the repertoire, and his contributions to the promotion of Bach's music. Mendelssohn's premature death in 1847 left a void in the musical world, but his works continue to be celebrated and cherished by audiences and musicians worldwide.