Chapter Two notes

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Arts Humanities

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Oct 30, 2023

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Chapter Two notes ➢ What is Art? ● Many answers have been proposed to questions about what art is and what artists do, but the fact that philosophers still debate them should tell us that the questions are challenging. ● But we might say art is a broad and multifaceted term that encompasses various forms of creative expression and aesthetic communication. Art is something that has great value in many societies. Marcel Duchamp. Fountai. 1917/1964 Leonardo da Vinci. Mona Lisa . ca. 1503– 05. ❖ Artist and Audience ➔ Nowadays, the world of independent artists, art schools, galleries, critics, collectors, and museums. ★ Today, artists can work on whatever they want, wherever they want, and whenever they want, depending on their interests. ★ However, in the past, ➔ Artists can only work on what their clients want, and their work is influenced by their clients' interests and ideas. ★ For example:- Andrea del Verrocchio, Madhava Khurd, and Shravana

❖ Outsider art: - meaning art created by a self-taught artist or non-professional artist. ★ Example: Hampton’s work. ❖ Art and Beauty ➔ Art and beauty are closely interconnected, as beauty is often a fundamental aspect of artistic expression. While art can take many forms and may not always adhere to traditional notions of beauty, the pursuit and appreciation of beauty have long been central to artistic creation.

Edward Weston. Cabbage Leaf. 1931. Käthe Kollwitz. Woman with Dead Child, 3rd state. ➔ Aesthetics: is a branch of philosophy concerned with the feelings aroused in us by sensory experiences, experiences we have through sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell. It includes the nature of beauty. ★ Andy Goldsworthy's artworks are all made by nature without any artificial color. ➔ Disinterested Contemplation: Refers to a specific way of looking at art, an objective search for beauty and pleasure that ignores any personal or practical stake in the work. ❖ Art and Appearances

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Antonio Pérez de Aguilar. Painter’s Cupboard. 1769. ➔ Four visual appearances of artworks:- ★ Representational ★ Abstract ★ Stylized ★ Nonrepresentational/Nonobjective ❖ Representational Art:- Characteristics of art include the creation of forms that bear a resemblance to those observed in the natural world, resulting in a recognizable representation of objects and shapes.

➔ Trompe l’oeil:- French for “fool the eye.” ➔ Naturalistic:- Artwork that is very faithful to the visual experience ❖ Abstract Art:- resembles nature but not exactly, sometimes unrecognizable simplified. Louise Bourgeois. Woman with Packages. 1949 ➔ Abstract art provides a rich and dynamic platform for artistic exploration, encouraging individual perception and subjective experiences. ❖ Stylized:- describes representational art that conforms to a preset style or set of conventions for depicting the world.

❖ Nonrepresentational Art:- Art that does not represent or refer to the world outside itself and is non-objective. 2.20 Elaine de Kooning. Bullfight. 1960. Tara Donovan. Untitled (Mylar). 2008. ➔ Style:- refers to a distinctive, recognizable ensemble of recurring characteristics. Kitagawa Utamaro. Hairdressing, from Twelve Types of Women’s Handicraft. ca. 1798– 99. ❖ Art and Meaning

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➔ Key terms related to meaning ★ Form: - is the physical appearance of the work, everything the eye registers about it, such as colors, shapes, and internal organization. ★ Content:- is what the work of art is about, its meaning. ★ Materials:- What art is made with ★ Techniques:- How art is made, methods, steps, and process. ★ Iconograph:- the story behind a work of art or involves identifying, describing, and interpreting the subject matter in art. ★ Context:- The context of art, the personal, social, cultural, and historical setting in which it was created, received, and interpreted. ➔ Examples Akan linguists at Enyan Abaasa, Ghana, 1974 Amida Buddha, from Japan. 1125– 75

❖ Art and purpose Kara Walker. At the behest of Creative Time, Kara E. Walker has confected A Subtlety, or the Marvelous Sugar Baby, a Homage to the unpaid and overworked Artisans who have refined our Sweet tastes from the cane fields to the Kitchens of the New World on the Occasion of the demolition of the Domino Sugar Refining Plant. Domino Sugar Refinery, Brooklyn, New York, May 10–July 6, 2014. ➢ It's important to note that the purposes of art can be multifaceted and overlapping. Different artworks may serve multiple functions simultaneously or have different purposes for different individuals. The significance and interpretation of art can vary depending on the context, cultural background, and personal experiences of both the artist and the audience. ★ Installation:- Space is presented as a work of art that can be entered, explored, experienced, and reflected upon.