Dinosaurs Final Exam Questions for Fall 2022

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Final Exam Fall 2022 Dinosaurs (Carleton University) Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Final Exam Fall 2022 Dinosaurs (Carleton University) Downloaded by First Last (fimaj22885@bookspre.com) lOMoARcPSD|30479786

Final Exam Fall 2022 1. Based on current palaeoecological models for the Late Cretaceous, there is no evidence for climatic change affecting dinosaur diversity before the terminal Cretaceous extinction event. True False 2. The first dinosaur fossils to be discovered in the modern era were teeth found by Mary Anning along the shores of Lime Regis in England. True False 3. 'Prehistoric Peeps' was a prehistoric-themed comic series by E.T. Reed originally published in Punch magazine in the 1890's. True False Downloaded by First Last (fimaj22885@bookspre.com) lOMoARcPSD|30479786

4. This fossil of an ichthyosaur provides good evidence that they gave life birth. True False 5. The wings of pterosaurs, modern birds and bats are examples of homologous structures. True False 6. When conducting a techonomic investigation of a dinosaur bonebed, a detailed two-dimensional map will be hand-drawn of all of the bones that are excavated. True False 7. Before the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea, the dinosaurs’ faunas in each part of its landmass were very different. True Downloaded by First Last (fimaj22885@bookspre.com) lOMoARcPSD|30479786

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False 8. The pattern of dinosaur distribution during the Mesozoic was larger controlled by the breakup of the super continent Pangaea. True False 9. The flying reptiles of the clade Pterosauria first appeared in the Late Triassic, but were out-competed by flying stegosaurs and went extinct by the end of the Late Jurassic. True False 10. Elasmosaurs are a subclade of the Plesiosauria that are noted for having very longnecks. The length of the neck is obtained not by added dozens of new vertebrae, but rather by the extreme elongation of the pre-existing cervical vertebrae. True False 11. Following the impact event at the Cretaceous, widespread wildfires would have deforested much of the landscape. True False Downloaded by First Last (fimaj22885@bookspre.com) lOMoARcPSD|30479786

12. The short story, 'The Monster of Lake LaMetrie'(1899), features the absurd premise of a man's brain being transplanted into a Triceratops. True False 13. lf you know the input forces of the jaw muscles of an animal then you can estimate the output force (i.e., the bite force) that can be generated by the jaws. True False 14. The carbonized impressions around some ichthyosaur fossils indicate that they had large tail and dorsal fins in some derived forms such as Ichthyosaurus. True False 15. Taphonomy is defined as the science of reconstructing the environment in which an ancient animal lived and died it, and how its remains came to enter the fossil record. True False Downloaded by First Last (fimaj22885@bookspre.com) lOMoARcPSD|30479786

16. Pterosaurs such a Hamipterus are believed to have been effectively warm-blooded allowing them to have been active flyers. True False 17. After the end Cretaceous extinction event, the beaked-birds that survived into the Paleogene may have benefited by being able to eat highly nutritious seeds, many types of which can survive fires and long-term exposure to the elements. True False 18. immediately after the asteroid impact at the end of the Cretaceous, the global temperature may have dropped to -40 . ℃ True False 19. The Deccan Traps may have produced lava for more than 10 million years at the Downloaded by First Last (fimaj22885@bookspre.com) lOMoARcPSD|30479786

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end of the Cretaceous. True False 20. India and Australia did not break away from South America and Antarctica under the start of the Late Cretaceous. True False 21. The first instance of a dinosaur in a motion picture was the animated "Gertie theDinosaur" in 1914, created by Winsor McCay. True False 22. The Sinclair Oil Company helped promote the public's knowledge of dinosaurs by producing life-sized models of dinosaurs, many of which were modeled from Charles Knight paintings, for the New York World's Fair in 1964. Downloaded by First Last (fimaj22885@bookspre.com) lOMoARcPSD|30479786

True False 23. The dolphin-shaped ichthyosaurs first appeared in the Late Triassic and only went extinct at the very end of the Cretaceous. True False 24. The group of flying reptiles called pterosaurs are more closely related to the extinct, non-avian dinosaurs than they are to living crocodiles. True False 25. Early pterosaurs, such as Rhamphorhynchus, are noted for having large bodies with long tails, while later forms, such as Pteranodon, typically had much smaller bodies with shorter tails. True False 26. The very large eyes in some species of ichthyosaurs may have been an adaptation for deep water hunting where there is very little light. True False Downloaded by First Last (fimaj22885@bookspre.com) lOMoARcPSD|30479786

27. For the 1933 film, King Kong, special effects artist Willis O'Brien was fortunate to be able to film living dinosaurs on Skull lsland for the movie before the island later sunk into the Indian Ocean as the result of a volcanic explosion. True False 28. Coevolution is the term used to describe two organisms who have evolved adaptations that are related to each other. True False 29. Based on his research on iguanodons, discovered in mine shafts in Belgium in 1878, Louis Dollo is the first paleontologist recognized as trying to reconstruct the behaviors and paleoenvironments of extinct organisms in the science that we now call Paleobiology Downloaded by First Last (fimaj22885@bookspre.com) lOMoARcPSD|30479786

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True False 30. Dinosaur bonebeds are poor sources of data for studying ontogenetic changes in species. True False 31. When studying the ecomorphology of an extinct animal, scarring on the jaw bone can be used to help infer: How many other bones the bone being examined contacted in the articulated skull. What environment the animal died in. Where the jaw muscles attached and how big the muscle attachments were. If the animal had been injured in a fight during its life. How quickly the bone was growing before death. 32. A fossil of the small, early ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus preserves the countershading of the original skin, with a darker dorsal surface and a lighter ventral surface. By comparison to modern animals with similar countershading, it is probable that Psittacosaurus lived in: An open, savannah-like environment Downloaded by First Last (fimaj22885@bookspre.com) lOMoARcPSD|30479786

A forested environment Shallow lakes where it hunted prey by swimming Regions with abundant sand dunes Rocky shorelines beside fast flowing rivers 33. The British physician and avid fossil collector, Gideon Mantell, was an important figure in the early days of dinosaur discovery and research. Although he not give the first scientific name to a dinosaur, he did describe and name several of the first known dinosaurs. One of these was: Coelophysis Triceratops Apatosaurus Stegosaurus Hylaeosaurus 34. When attempting to reconstruct an ancient environment, data from which of the Downloaded by First Last (fimaj22885@bookspre.com) lOMoARcPSD|30479786

following sources can be helpful? Microvertebrate bonebeds Paleobotany Palynology Sedimentology All of the above 35. The book -_--------published in 1915 was the inspiration for the film released in North America with the title, 'Journey to the Beginning of Time' by Czech film-maker Karl Zeman. The Lost World Plutonia Journey to the Center of the Earth Pellucidar The Land Before Time 36. What hypothesis best explains the initial and later success of dinosaurs during the Mesozoic? Non-dinosaur dinosauromorphs simply evolved into dinosaurs Dinosaurs and non-dinosauromorphs coexisted throughout the entirety of the Mesozoic Dinosaurs somehow survived the mass extinction event that killed off the non- dinosaur dinosauromorphs and radiated into a variety of unoccupied ecological niches Non-dinosauromorphs evolved into a variety of marine reptiles (mosasaurs and plesiosaurs) and therefore did not complete with dinosaurs. Downloaded by First Last (fimaj22885@bookspre.com) lOMoARcPSD|30479786

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37. The name of the crater found in the Yucatan Peninsula that is understood to have been formed when an asteroid hit the Earth 66 million years ago is: Chicxulub Nohochacyum Xbalanque Quetzalcoatlus Ixpiyacoc 38. After the asteroid impact that the end of the Cretaceous the main reason that all non-avian dinosaurs died is because of the initial extremely high temperartures Prolonged months of darkness that prevented plant growth Prolonged cold following the initial tremendous heat All of the above 39. When trying to reconstruct a Late Cretaceous environment and the dinosaurs that lived in it, an investigator must consider which of the following: Not all environments have an equal likelihood of being preserved Dinosaur taxa were likely not equally abundant everywhere in the study area Not all dinosaurs lived in the same areas or at the same time Rate of sedimentation is not constant & erosion occurs during depositional hiatuses All of the above 40. What skeletal feature corresponds to the presence of ventral tail flukes in ichthyosaurs? The tail skeleton bends downwards to continue into the lower tail fluke Downloaded by First Last (fimaj22885@bookspre.com) lOMoARcPSD|30479786

The tail skeleton is strongly abbreviated to continue into neither tail fluke The two tail flukes are formed by large triangular osteoderms fused to either side of the tail The tail skeleton splits into two branches to continue into both tail flukes The tail skeleton bends upwards to continue into the upper tail fluke 41. Giant forms of the carcharodontosaurid theropods are only known from the: Late Jurassic Early Cretaceous Early Jurassic Paleogene Late Cretaceous 42. The Late Jurassic has been called: The Golden Age of Dinosaurs The Silver Age of Fish The Bronze Age of Mammals The Last Age of Sauropods A bad time to try to get cell phone reception 43. Ecomorphology is the study of: The span of time that an extinct animal is known from the fossil record. Whether an animal is 'warm-blooded' or 'cold-blooded'. How an animal's skeleton changes as it grows from a juvenile to an adult. How an animals anatomy relates to the environment that it lives in. The geographic range of an animal on the landscape Downloaded by First Last (fimaj22885@bookspre.com) lOMoARcPSD|30479786

44. Ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs are marine reptiles that were both members of this clade: Synapsida Mammalia Diapsida Dinosauria Chelonia 45. The Cretaceous-aged mosasaurs were the last group of Mesozoic marine reptiles to evolve. They ecologically replaced ________ that went extinct around the time that mosasaurs first appeared. Ichthyosaurs Plesiosaurs Ammonites Hadrosaurs Placental mammals 46. There is significant evidence for ________________ at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary Global wildfires Solar flares Global warming Glaciers 47. Which of the following statements are TRUE regarding the sedimentary record of fossils? Downloaded by First Last (fimaj22885@bookspre.com) lOMoARcPSD|30479786

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Dinosaur fossils tend to be found in a type of sedimentary rock called "clastic" rocks Fossils are often deposited in topographically low areas where sediments can acummulate All fossils are found where the animal that they are derived from originally lived A and B A and C B and C 48. The best example of a probable browser in the dinosaurs listed below would be: Argentinosaurus Ankylosaurus Titanosaurus Atrociraptor Daspletosaurus 49. Non-avian dinosaurs from the Mesozoic are known from which continents? North America South America Asia A and C only 50. The Czech artist who helped popularize dinosaurs during the middle of the 20thCentury was: Downloaded by First Last (fimaj22885@bookspre.com) lOMoARcPSD|30479786

Frank Frazetta Zdeněk Burian Vladimir Krb Miroslav Adámek Charles R. Knight 51. They are known from every continent The majority of dinosaur fossils that have been collected in Canada have come from this province or territory: Question 51 options: Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island Saskatchewan British Columbia Alberta 52. Which of the following groups were not present during the Late Jurassic period? Sauropoda Theropoda Paraves Neornornithes Thyreophora 53. Some exceptionally preserved dinosaur fossils from China preserve black or very dark coloured feathers covering their bodies. Based on what we know from modern birds with dark plummage, these dinosaurs were probably: Downloaded by First Last (fimaj22885@bookspre.com) lOMoARcPSD|30479786

Living in dark forests where they hunted insects Active hunters of small mammals Active during the night Active during the day Living in monogamous pairs throughout their life 54. ln 1859, Charles Darwin published his influential book in which he proposed the concept of evolution by the process of natural selection. This book was titled: The Selfish Gene The Descent of Man The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals Voyage of the H.M.S.Beagle The Origin of Species 55. Ernst Stromer was a Bavarian professor who mounted expeditions into the Saharan desert to collect dinosaurs. The original bones of one of his most famous finds were destroyed when Britain bombed Germany during World War II. This unfortunate dinosaur fossil was: Spinosaurus Ichthyosaurus Downloaded by First Last (fimaj22885@bookspre.com) lOMoARcPSD|30479786

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Megalosaurus Tyrannosaurus Centrosaurus 56. "Why has not anyone seen that fossils alone gave birth to a theory about the formation of the earth, that without them, no one would have ever dreamed that there were successive epochs in the formation of the globe?" This quote was made by one of the most influential scientists of the 19th century. This person was: Arne Saknussemm George Curvier Prof. George Edward Challenger Mary Anning Sir Richard Owen 57. Expectional fossils can give us direct evidence of the diet of extinct animals. These fossils may preserve data in the form of: Tooth marks on fossilized bone or broken teeth embedded in fossilized bone. Coprolites that preserve the processed food that was excreted Gut contents that preserve an animal's last meal before they died. All of the above 58. Palynomorphs (fossilized pollen or seeds) in the stomach cavity or in cracks of the teeth This important scientific advancement in the 20th Century helped provide a framework in which 'The Dinosaur Renaissance' could re-envision dinosaurs as highly Downloaded by First Last (fimaj22885@bookspre.com) lOMoARcPSD|30479786

active animals: Radiometric Dating Plate Tectonics (Continental Drift) Phylogenetic Analysis (Cladistics) Recognition of an extraterrestrial impact on the Earth 66 million years ago All of the above 59. Which of the following has NOT been suggested as a theory as to why the non- avian dinosaurs went extinct at the end of the Cretaceous? Asteroid Impact Poisonous gasses released by the Deccan Traps Climate Change Disease All of them have been suggested at different times in history 60. This scientist gave a public talk in 1841 in which he determined that the extinct fossil taxa Megalosaurus, Iguanodon and Hylaeosaurus made up their own distinct group which he named Dinosauria. He published this new name in 1842. This scientist was: Sir Richard Owen Gideon Mantell O. C. Marsh Edward Drinker Cope None of the above Downloaded by First Last (fimaj22885@bookspre.com) lOMoARcPSD|30479786

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