Anthro final exam

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University of British Columbia *

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100

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Anthropology

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Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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Uploaded by GeneralDangerPigeon34

Please be prepared to answer both multiple-choice and short/long answer questions. 1. Describe the Inuit communities and their adaptation practices in the Arctic. Adaptation Practices: Inuit vs. British Inuit Laws: Inuit British British scorned the use of dogs Used tight woolens sweet turns to ice Kept limes (to prevent scurvy) in glass jars that shattered Slept in cloth bags that froze stiff with ice Huge iron sled with a big chest with all the personal items of naval officers including silver plates Inuit Used dogs a lot Used baggier Caribou skin loose with one layer of hair turned towards the body another turned out to the wind Inuit used the heat of one another’s bodies to keep warm in the night sleeping on ice covered with caribou skin in igloos that could be assembled in an hour Wasn’t just the arrogance of the British that made them fail but the sentiment of the Inuit. The perceived callousness of the Inuit was too far gone for the British. The indifference and patience of the Inuit was the only outlook on life that enabled survival in the cold Death and privation every day events Fear of going native - the Inuit, on desperate occasions ate people - In one story al the woman cut off their braids to symbolize they had to eat someone - In another story a woman had to eat her three children and her husband. When she remarried a village chief and had three new kids she named them after the children that died so they could be reborn 4 fleeting visits by explorers until the deluge occurred Canada In control of the territory since 1880 1930 catholic missionaries arrive - hola the destruction of the power and authority of the shaman, the heart of the Inuit relationship to the universe

- Discouraged use of the Inuit language and traditional names - Trading was seductive and drew them into colonial lands and away from the traditional land 2. Describe the colonization of Arctic Canada beginning in the 1930s with the arrival of the first missionaries. What were the consequences? 3. What was Operation Surname? 4. What does sila and sauniq mean? 5. In the 19th century, what approach to buffalo did the US government take and why? 6. Describe Teonanacatl (“flesh of the gods”), what it is used for, and where does it come from? Psilocybin Comes from Mexico Used by aztecs in ritual 7. Briefly describe the origins of Buddhism, and explain the Buddhist understanding of ignorance and suffering. 8. What were the consequences of the Neolithic Revolution? 9. How did Christian missionaries treat Aboriginal Australians in the 19th century? Give a specific example from the lecture. 10. Where are the majority of hallucinogenic plants used in the world and why? 11. Describe the way psychoactive plants are used in indigenous cultures with concrete examples of usage. What makes indigenous usage different from recreational drug consumption in North America? 12. Who was Gordon Wasson and what did he do among the Mazatec that was so profound? 13. Describe Peyote and the “diffusion” of this plant. 14. Describe Vodoun. 15. What other religious beliefs came from West Africa to the Americas during the era of slavery? 16. What is Afro-Caribbean and West African religious ritual spirit possession? 17. What is serial polygyny? What is polygamy? Define and give examples.

18. What is the difference between these terms? Include an example of a culture that practices it.Polygamy. Polygyny. Polyandry. Monogamy. Serial Monogamy. 19. In the 1980s and ’90s, the plight of tropical rainforests came to be a growing concern and the homeland of the Penan produced much of the timber. In what country did this take place? How much land was set to log, how much was conserved? 20. What does the impact of logging have on the Penan culture? Discuss language and cultural Practices. 21. Describe Naxi family structures. 22. Describe marriage practices of different cultures discussed in class (at least 3). 23. How do the Penan of Sarawak measure wealth? What is the greatest social transgression according to them? 24. What is Naadam? 25. Who is Marcel Mauss and what does his book? “The Gift” – argue? 26. Identify and describe at least 5 rites of passage in different cultures, that we have discussed previously. 27. What is the “tragedy of the commons”? 28. How did the knowledge of the ancient Greeks survive, and where are the ancient manuscripts located? Held In repository in a library in Timbuktu Taken by the French 29. Describe different examples of rite of passage or coming of age rituals (See #26) and why these are an important part of societies. 30. Explain the plight of the Penan of Sarawak, their cultural practices, language, and struggles with the government/development companies. 31. What is the poudre zombi and how is it used in Haiti? 32. What is FGM and what are the varying perspectives on this practice? 33 . Who are the hijra?

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34. What is “modernity”? Explains how the idea of modernity have been used institutionally to “integrate” indigenous communities? 35. What is the Native American Church? 36. Who are the Kiowa? 37. Who is Richard Evans Schultes? 38. What is the “Western Wall?” 39. What is Zionism? 40. Discuss entheogens and how they relate to psychedelic plant use? 41. Briefly describe the importance of Jerusalem - to which religions does this site matter? Judaism Islam Christianity 42. Describe the conflict between Israel and Palestine - how can both sides be understood anthropologically, and what is this fight “really” about, according to Prof. Davis? 43. Identify three threats to Indigenous peoples. Use examples from lectures 44. Describe why protecting Indigenous cultural is vital. Use examples from the lectures 45. What is the relationship between logging and the Penan and displacement?

1. Why is the term nomadic misleading? A. It implies a sense of ‘wandering’ and aimlessness – in fact, Indigenous communities know the land and are not lost. Every feature of the landscape resonates with story. B. The same sites are occupied time and time again through the life of the individual. Cycles with the land is cyclical and resource dependent with the seasons. C. They are not isolated; Active trading networks and partnerships may be traced back to the early 19th century and well beyond. D. All of the above. 2. How is health/medicine understood in the context of Shamanic practices? A ) Health is a state of equilibrium between the physical and spiritual components of an individual. Health is wholeness and holistic. B) The maintenance or restoration of this balance is the duty of the shaman and its accounts for his unique role as a healer. The Shaman protects the patient. C) Sickness is disruption, imbalance, and the manifestation of malevolent forces in the flesh D ) All of the Above 3) The difference between a medicine, a poison and a hallucinogen is only __________________. A) The Dosage B) The form you consume it in C) Where the Plant Species is from D) The way it is produced 4) True or False - There is only one school of Buddhist practice? ___________ 5) The poudre zombie contains what ingredients? A) Human remains and a combination of 8 hallucinogenic plants that contain key entheogen compounds B ) Human remains and a marine fish belonging to the Tetradontiformes which contain a tetrodotoxin which is a nerve poison C) A mix of the natural forms of cyanide and cocaine to create a strong nerve poison D) A strong paralysis toxin found in the root of a Tracheophyta species mixed with a nerve poison that is found in pufferfish 6) Which answer best describes the relationship of the Vodoun religion and day-to-day life of the believers? A) The material and the spiritual are separated but the sacred and the profane are connected B) The sacred and profane/secular are separated and so are the material and the spiritual C) There is no separation between the sacred and the profane/secular or the material and the spiritual

D) The sacred and the profane/secular are separated but the material and the spiritual are connected 7) What is the number of hallucinogenic plants in the world and where are most of them found? A) There are roughly 400, 000 hallucinogenic plants in the world and most of them, around 250, 000, can be found throughout Asia B) There are around 120+ hallucinogenic plants in the world and most of them, around 100, can be found in the Americas C) There are around 200 hallucinogenic plants in the world and they are split predominantly found in Australia and South America D) All of the 150+ hallucinogenic plants that have been identified can be found in the Amazon 8) What were/are some of the assimilation tactics weaponized by the Canadian State on the Inuit? A) Operation Surname and forced settlement through acts like the Inuit Relocation B) Epidemics C) Residential School and Black Robes D) All of the above Long Answer: These should be answered in essay style, which includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. 1) What are the three Abrahamic religions and what is the significance to Jerusalem to each one? What is a methodology that we have studied in class that this location would be associated with? Explain how they are connected. (20 points) 2) We have discussed many cultures and religions that deal with the idea of death differently in their practices. Please discuss three of these cultures or religions (with at least one example from before the midterm). (20 points) 3) What is “modernity” and how have we seen it utilized or discussed throughout the course? Please provide two examples from both halves of the semester. (20) Ethnographic Portraits You should try to create some of these for the different cultures and religions that we have studied in class. These will help you have a better understanding of the cultures/religions etc. as

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complete entities and how the parts all work together. For the religions, it would be important to discuss sacred sites/geography, origin stories, coming-of-age ceremonies, any birth/death/spiritual practices that were discussed.

Anthro final exam

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