Anthropology 1000 Lesson 2 Assessment: Key Concepts Explored

Anthropology 1000: General Anthropology Lesson 2 Assessment Name: MU student number: E-Mail: 30 questions, 40 points total A. Multiple-choice: Choose the one best answer. → 15 questions, 1 point each, 15 points total 1. Which researcher discovered the basic principles of genetics? A. Gregor Mendel B. Charles Darwin C. Carolus Linnaeus D. Alfred Wallace E. Franz Boas 2. What is a succinct definition of evolution? A. descent with modification B. an approach that asserts that life forms are too complex to have been formed by natural processes and must have been created by a higher intelligence C. the opposite of creationism D. that species have stopped undergoing the process of biological change and have evolved E. a political stance that promotes the secularization of public education 3. What is the process by which environment chooses the forms most fit to survive and reproduce? A. reproducibility B. natural selection C. mutation D. uniformitarianism E. Bergmann’s rule

Anthropology 1000: General Anthropology Lesson 2 Assessment Keycode: 2464 Page 2 4. What mechanism of evolution provides new genotypes? A. natural selection B. mutation C. random genetic drift D. gene flow E. variation 5. What mechanism of evolution exchanges genetic material between populations of the same species? A. natural selection B. mutation C. random genetic drift D. gene flow E. variation 6. What mechanism of genetic evolution involves a change in allele frequency that results not from natural selection but from chance? A. mutation B. random genetic drift C. gene flow D. variation E. natural selection 7. During the Industrial Revolution in England, why did the darker of the salt and pepper moths tend to survive? A. pollution covered their wings and hid them B. the birds did not like the taste of the soot that covered their wings C. directional mutation D. natural selection set in motion the process of differential reproducibility and survival due to pollution E. random genetic drift 8. What model of evolution points to the fact that long periods of stasis during which species change little are interrupted by evolutionary leaps? A. population genetics B. punctuated equilibrium C. recombination D. creationism E. crossing over

Anthropology 1000: General Anthropology Lesson 2 Assessment Keycode: 2464 Page 3 9. What is phenotypical adaptation? A. the ability to change in response to an environment as an individual grows B. the ability to fit into a group of people who do not physically resemble that individual C. a geographically isolated subdivision of an adaptive species D. the set of gene frequencies between neighboring populations E. the rule assigning social identity on the basis of som e aspect of a person’s ancestry 10. Historically, what three great races have been erroneously used to categorize humans? A. Caucasoid, Negroid, Chinoid B. Caucasoid, Afroid, Mongoloid C. Caucasoid, Negroid, Ameroid D. Caucasoid, Negroid, Mongoloid E. Negroid, Mongoloid, Gringoid 11. People with type O blood, versus other blood types, are not more susceptible to A. duodenal and gastric ulcers. B. smallpox. C. cholera. D. bubonic plague. E. All of the above. 12. What theory states that the smaller of two bodies similar in shape has more surface area per unit of weight and can therefore dissipate heat more efficiently? A. Bergmann’s rule B. Allen’s rule C. Thomson’s rule D. cline E. The Nilotes rule 13. Which of the following is not true about nose length? A. Long noses seem to be adaptive in arid areas. B. Long noses are adaptive in cold environments. C. Noses tend to be longer in areas with lower mean annual temperatures. D. Long noses have more membranes and blood vessels to moisten air as it is breathed in. E. Long noses are adaptive in tropical climates.

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Anthropology 1000: General Anthropology Lesson 2 Assessment Keycode: 2464 Page 4 14. Which of the following is true about race? A. Race is a valid biological concept based on science. B. Race has been found to be a flawed and obsolete concept because there is no objective way of defining it. C. There are a finite number of races as demonstrated by the number of human phenotypes. D. Race can only be defined by the physical trait of skin color. E. Race is defined as non-expressed genotypes. 15. What is an example of a genetic trait that changes in response to environmental stresses through biological plasticity or phenotypical adaptation? A. rickets B. lactose tolerance C. nose length D. blood type E. a cline B. Matching terms Match the following terms with the correct definitions. → 5 terms, 1 point each, 5 points total 16. genotype A. black hair B. hereditary makeup C. caused by shortage of vitamin D D. sex cell production E. hypervitaminosis D F. biochemically different forms of given gene 17. rickets 18. allele 19. phenotype 20. meiosis

Anthropology 1000: General Anthropology Lesson 2 Assessment Keycode: 2464 Page 5 C. Fill-in-the-square Directions: Let’ s assume that a set of parents are both carriers for sickle-cell anemia, where S is the dominant normal allele, and s is the recessive abnormal allele responsible for the genetic disorder. As carriers, both parents are heterozygous for this trait. Fill in the Punnett Square with the possible genotype of their offspring. → 4 squares, 1 point each, 4 points total Genotype Parent 1 S s Genotype Parent 2 S 21. SS 22. Ss s 23. Ss 24. ss C. Short answer → 4 questions, 3 points each, 12 points total 25. What is the phenotype associated with the answer to question 21 and is it adaptive in terms of protecting against malaria? Why? -The (SS) phenotype is a normal offspring, and it is not adaptive in terms of protection from malaria, because it does not contain the gene that protects against malaria. 26. What is the phenotype associated with the answer to question 22 and is it adaptive in terms of protecting against malaria? Why? - The (Ss) phenotype is an offspring that is a carrier of sickle-cell anemia. It is adaptive in terms of protection from malaria, because this offspring has enough abnormal hemoglobin so that malaria parasites cannot thrive. 27. What is the phenotype associated with the answer to question 23 and is it adaptive in terms of protecting against malaria? Why? - The (Ss) like the previous phenotype is an offspring that is a carrier of sickle-cell anemia. It is adaptive in terms of protection from malaria, because this offspring has enough abnormal hemoglobin so that malaria parasites cannot thrive. 28. What is the phenotype associated with the answer to question 24 and is it adaptive in terms of protecting against malaria? Why? - The (ss) phenotype is an offspring suffering from sickle-cell anemia. It is not adaptive in terms of protecting against malaria because this offspring already suffers from anemia, which can make someone more susceptible to malaria.

Anthropology 1000: General Anthropology Lesson 2 Assessment Keycode: 2464 Page 6 D. Short answer List two laws of heredity formulated by Gregor Mendel and briefly describe them. → 2 items, 2 points each, 4 points total 29. The law of segregation 30. The Law of independent Assortment END OF LESSON 2 ASSESSMENT.

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