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Feb 20, 2024

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According to anthropologists, which of the following statements is true? religion has been found to be a part of all cultures In anthropology, religion and spirituality are classified as part of a culture's: superstructure In the United States today, there are approximately how many declared practitioners of Buddhism? 800,000-1 million Which of the following is larger in the United States? Buddhism In what century was there a common intellectual tradition that gave rise to the idea that modern science would soon replace religion? 19th century Which of the following has been showing some decline in membership in recent years, while all of the others have been increasing in membership? Traditional, mainline Christian Religions Approximately what percentage of adults in the world claims to be "nonreligious" 16
The collective body of ideas, beliefs, and values by which a group of people makes sense of the world and their place in it is: worldwide Which one of the following characteristics distinguishes spirituality from religion Individual practice What sacred narratives explain the fundamentals of human existence myths What is the anthropological definition of "myth" explanatory narratives Which of the following is the oldest knowing sacred text(s) vedas A collection of gods and goddesses is known as pantheon The ancient greeks has a type: of religion known as: polytheism
In a society where woman hold little public authority, you would commonly find a religion in which the supreme god is masculine The belief that nature is filled with a variety of unattached of free-ranging spirits is animism The concepts of mana, manitou, and wakonda are all associated with animatism Which of the following is not considered to be a strong patriarchic religion wicca A part-time religious specialist that generally serves as a healer and spiritual mediator is called a: shaman Which kind of religious specialist would you expect to find in a foraging society shaman Which of the following is on the most common activities of shamross-culturally healing the sick
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Which of the following is not part of the traditional shamanic complex chief The widespread occurrence of shamanism and the remarkable similarities noted among various shamanic traditions are due to common neurological inheritence Approximately what percentage of older women serve as shamans among the Ju/'hoansi? 33% The meanings ascribed to sensations experienced in altered states are: culturally determined The powerful healing force recognized by the Ju/'hoansi is called: n/um Which of the following is not a common reason to enter a trance state among the Ju/'hoansi? to preserve crops All of the following are ways to "conjure up" the healing force latent in Ju/'hoansi bodies except: eating mushrooms
Among the Ju/'hoansi, consciousness is a sign that: the soul and body are reunited In anthropology, marriage rituals are almost always classified as: rites of passage The transition that is effected in a rite of passage is comparable to: The transition that is effected in a rite of passage is comparable to: Among Australian aborigines, a common way of inducing courage and manhood in boys involves: knocking out a tooth Rites of passage include all of the following stages except: transformation When do Mende girls undergo female initiation rites? after the beginning of menstruation Which of the following is not a common practice in Mende girl initiation? spending significant amounts of time alone and secluded What is a clitoridectomy?
form of female circumcision Why do the Mende practice clitoridectomy? they believe it enhances female reproductive potential The period of isolation that forms part of a rite of passage is which stage? separation The male puberty rite found among the Australian aborigines involves removing the young man from society and: teaching him Clitoridectomy is sometimes referred to as: female genital mutilation Why is there so much controversy over clitoridectomy? it is a non-Western religious practice Which of the following best describes witchcraft? belief that some individuals possess psychic power to cause harm Which of the following is not commonly used in the practice of contagious magic?
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images and likenesses of someone The Ibibio make a distinction between: sorcerers and benign witches From the 15th through the 17th centuries, approximately how many individuals were executed as witches in Europe? 500,000 Which of the following best describes revitalization movements? a movement for radical cultural reform in response to widespread social disruption What is a "cargo cult"? a revitalization movement Which of the following is not a common belief or element associated with cargo cults? worship in a temple compound In the United States which of the following revitalization movements occurred? Sun Dance According to anthropologists, which of the following statements is true?
religion is very common to humankind religion is found in primitive societies only religion has been found to be a part of all cultures religion is virtually a universal, although there have been some groups without it religion has been found to be a part of all cultures In anthropology, religion and spirituality are classified as part of a culture's: structure infrastructure substructure superstructure superstructure In the United States today, there are approximately how many declared practitioners of Buddhism? 10,000-20,000 9-10 million 800,000-1 million 2-3 million 800,000-1 mil Which of the following is larger in the United States?
Buddhism Islam Hinduism Wicca Buddhism In what century was there a common intellectual tradition that gave rise to the idea that modern science would soon replace religion? 19th century 18th century 20th century 17th century 19th century Which of the following has been showing some decline in membership in recent years, while all of the others have been increasing in membership? evangelical Christian religions fundamentalist religious traditions nondenominational spiritual traditions traditional, mainline Christian religions traditional, mainline Christian religions
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Approximately what percentage of adults in the world claims to be "nonreligious"? 26 7 40 16 16 The collective body of ideas, beliefs, and values by which a group of people makes sense of the world and their place in it is: infrastructure spirituality religion worldview religion Which one of the following characteristics distinguishes spirituality from religion? belief system ceremonial practices concern with the sacred individual practice individual practice
What sacred narratives explain the fundamentals of human existence? legends texts myths rituals myths What is the anthropological definition of "myth"? ancestral narratives a collection of legends and tall tales untrue narratives explanatory narratives ancestral narratives Which of the following is the oldest known sacred text(s)? Bible Vedas Koran Book of Chibcha vedas A collection of gods and goddesses is known as:
pantheon dogma deity trinity pantheon The ancient Greeks had a TYPE: of religion known as: pluralism pantheonism polytheism polyvalence polytheism In a society where women hold little public authority, you would commonly find a religion in which: there are many supreme goddesses there are many supreme gods the supreme goddess is feminine the supreme god is masculine the supreme god is masculine The belief that nature is filled with a variety of unattached or free-ranging spirits is: animism
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animatism spirituality naturalism animism The concepts of mana, manitou, and wakonda are all associated with: fundamentalism monotheism animism animatism animatism Which of the following is not considered to be a strong patriarchic religion? Christianity Wicca Islam Judaism Wicca A part-time religious specialist that generally serves as a healer and spiritual mediator is called a: shaman priest
spiritual guide holy father shaman Which kind of religious specialist would you expect to find in a foraging society? spiritual guide priest sorcerer shaman shaman Which of the following is one of the most common activities of shamross-culturally? controlling animals healing the sick bringing rain punishing enemiesh healing the sick Which of the following is not part of the traditional shamanic complex? chief shaman patient community
chief The widespread occurrence of shamanism and the remarkable similarities noted among various shamanic traditions are due to: common neurological inheritance legitimacy and accuracy of the religion universal ailments of humankind diffusion of tradition among groups common neurological inheretance Approximately what percentage of older women serve as shamans among the Ju/'hoansi? 0% 25% 50% 33% 33% The meanings ascribed to sensations experienced in altered states are: determined solely by the shaman universally the same biologically determined culturally determined culturally determined
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The powerful healing force recognized by the Ju/'hoansi is called: boa manitou n/um mana n/um Which of the following is not a common reason to enter a trance state among the Ju/'hoansi? to bring rain to heal the sick to control animals to preserve crops to preserve crops All of the following are ways to "conjure up" the healing force latent in Ju/'hoansi bodies except: dancing intense concentration eating mushrooms close exposure to the heat of a fire close exposure to the heat of a fire
Among the Ju/'hoansi, consciousness is a sign that: the gods inhabit the person's body the prayer has been answered a hunter will have success the next day the soul and body are reunited the soul and body are reunited In anthropology, marriage rituals are almost always classified as: rites of union rites of transition rites of intensification rites of passage rites of passage The transition that is effected in a rite of passage is comparable to: social death and rebirth marriage and union sorcery and witchcraft specialization social death and rebirth Among Australian aborigines, a common way of inducing courage and manhood in boys involves:
scarifying their chests knocking out a tooth sending them out alone piercing their noses sending them out alone Rites of passage include all of the following stages except: incorporation transformation transition separation transformation When do Mende girls undergo female initiation rites? after they move out of their natal homes after they have their first child after the beginning of menstruation immediately before the beginning of menstruation after the beginning of menstruation Which of the following is not a common practice in Mende girl initiation?
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harsh teaching and training undergoing a clitoridectomy spending significant amounts of time alone and secluded smearing body with white clay harsh teaching and training What is a clitoridectomy? form of female circumcision TYPE: of marriage process of giving birth tattooing the face form of female circumcision Why do the Mende practice clitoridectomy? they believe it enhances female reproductive potential it makes childbirth much easier it enhances the beauty of women in public it is a healthy procedure that makes women cleaner they believe it enhances female reproductive potential
The period of isolation that forms part of a rite of passage is which stage? separation transition transformation incorporation transition The male puberty rite found among the Australian aborigines involves removing the young man from society and: leaving him to find his way back to his group marrying him to a young woman tattooing him teaching him teaching him Clitoridectomy is sometimes referred to as: birth rites of passage female geniture mutilation female genital mutilation female genital imitation female genital mutilation Why is there so much controversy over clitoridectomy?
it is a non-Western religious practice it is extremely dangerous to women's health it causes women to have too much fertility it allows women to practice birth control it is a non-Western religious practice Which of the following best describes witchcraft? belief that some individuals possess the supernatural power to manipulate objects belief that some individuals possess psychic power to cause harm belief that some individuals can travel at night and cause altered states belief that some individuals possess specific formulas to temporarily change people belief that some individuals possess psychic power to cause harm Which of the following is not commonly used in the practice of contagious magic? clips of hair from someone images and likenesses of someone
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fingernail clippings from someone a special piece of jewelry that belongs to someone images and likenesses of someone The Ibibio make a distinction between: sorcerers and priestesses evil and benign witches benign sorcerers and witches sorcerers and benign witches sorcerers and benign witches From the 15th through the 17th centuries, approximately how many individuals were executed as witches in Europe? 200 1500 2 million 500,000 500,000 Which of the following best describes revitalization movements?
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a movement for radical cultural reform in response to widespread social disruption a movement for political change in response to economic destruction a movement for liberation during times of oppression by outside forces a religious movement that styles itself on communistic structures a movement for radical cultural reform in response to widespread social disruption What is a "cargo cult"? a rite of passage a revitalization movement a form of imitative magic a form of religious worship a revitalization movement Which of the following is not a common belief or element associated with cargo cults? worship in a temple compound arrival of material riches resurrection of dead relatives destruction of whites worship in a temple compound
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In the United States which of the following revitalization movements occurred? Asatru cargo cults Mau Mau uprising Sun Dance Sun Dance Under Sharia law, women found guilty of having sexual relations outside of marriage were sentenced to: death A woman's share of parental property is called: dowry What is the primary advantage of fraternal polyandry in Tibet? It creates a ready labor force and keeps land holdings together. All of the following are considered assets in a woman-woman marriage among the Nandi except: A barren woman is able to divorce her first husband. Which of the following arguments is not commonly used against same-sex marriage? It destroys the social and economic basis of society. In the United States, new reproductive technologies and open adoption have contributed to the rise of:
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blended families The smallest known family unit is the nuclear family. True Which of the following statement is true? A society may have both exogamous and endogamous rules. Horticultural societies where political organization is relatively uncentralized and cooperation among women is important are often associated with which type of residence pattern? matrilocal What is the great "myth" that is commonly held in North America regarding the reason for the establishment of a taboo against first-cousin marriage in the United States? It would cause significantly increased numbers of birth defects. Among Trobriand Islanders, sexual relations are not permitted before marriage. false Cohabitation households are composed of: unmarried couples
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Dowry is legal and very common in India today. false In the United States, approximately what percentage of children under 18 years has been involved in incestuous relations? 10-14 percent Single-parent households are a phenomenon associated only with postindustrial societies. false What symbol did Michael Blakey find associated with the African burial ground in New York City? sankofa, meaning spiritual connection with the past The untouchable caste in India includes approximately what percentage of the Indian population? 16 Which Hindu grade is the lowest in the caste system? Sudra Any kinship group with a membership lineally descending from a real historical or fictional common ancestor is called a: descent group
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At what age do Mundurucu boys leave their mother's household and begin to live in the men's house? 13 Hindu castes are distinguished by: occupation and symbolic status of purity Which form of descent would you expect in a society in which the matrilineal and patrilineal groups both own productive resources? double descent "Age grades" are also referred to by the term "age classes." false What relative do people of kindred have in common? the focal person reckoning kinship When a society is divided into two large descent groups, each group is called a moiety Which of the following statements is incorrect? Social institutions protect those who are at the lowest social ranking.
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All stratified societies have some social mobility. true "Kindred" is frequently associated with what mode of subsistence? industrialism The central person from whom the degree of each relationship is traced is referred to by the term: EGO Religion is frequently used to legitimize political authority. true The most common approach to justice in state societies has been: imprisonment Among the Kapauku, who has the ultimate authority to confiscate property? headman Acculturation is a type of ethnocide. false
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Mohandas Gandhi's satyagraha movement is an example of: nonviolent resistance Which of the following pairs are examples of uncentralized systems? tribes/bands Deadly feuds have been found in band societies. true What is the primary reason for lower incidences of warfare among food foragers? frequent mobility In the past, Igbo women managed their own affairs, both politically and socially. true Paramount chiefs are involved intensely with local issues and are known for their frequent interactions with ordinary people. false Which of the following characteristics does not describe an uncentralized political system? large population
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How is the leader of a chiefdom different from that of a tribe? The leader of a chiefdom is a formal authority figure. Which of the following is not a type of domination and repression? enculturation How long has warfare been a problem for human societies? at least since 10,000 years ago Gandhi's movement of nonviolent resistance was a form of civil disobedience. true Which of the following best describes witchcraft? belief that some individuals possess power to cause harm Loas are Vodou: saints Pilgrimages often occur to a saint's burial. true
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All of the following are activities in which a shaman might be commonly used in a foraging society except: accumulation of property The belief that nature is filled with a variety of unattached or free-ranging spirits is: animism A part-time religious specialist that generally serves as a healer and spiritual mediator is called a: shaman Which of the following statements about secularization today is correct? In Europe, Christianity is declining as Islam increases in numbers. Revitalization movements lie at the root of most known religions. true In the world today, what percentage of people are declared practitioners of Buddhism? 6% Which kind of religious specialist would you expect to find in a foraging society? shaman
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Which of the following is not part of the traditional shamanic complex? chief Which of the following best describes revitalization movements? a movement for radical cultural reform in response to widespread social disruption The belief in qi is associated with chiromancy. false The widespread occurrence of shamanism and the remarkable similarities noted among various shamanic traditions are due to: common neurological inheritance Religion and spirituality are best examined as part of a society's worldview. true The homogenization of the world's different cultures is sometimes referred to as: McDonaldization According to the Gini Index: 40 percent of the people in the world live on less than $2 a day
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Each of the following corporations is a megacorporation except: Harley Davidson The adaptation process by which a people resists assimilation by modifying its traditional cultural in response to pressures by a dominant society to preserve its distinctive ethnic identity is known as: accommodation Accommodation is a more radical term for "acculturation." false Power that organizes and orchestrates the systemic interaction within and among societies is an example of: structural power The current world population, half of which lives in urban areas today, is estimated at: 7 billion What is the current number of people worldwide who are considered to be overweight? 1.1 billion Approximately how many millions of people are in flux today as refugees? 15
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Which is a predicted effect of global warming? rising sea levels Megacorporations are controlled by outside market forces exclusively. false What threats do megacorporations pose to national governments? It is difficult for governments to get information from them for informed policy decisions. Anthropologists are as interested in the future as they have been in the past. true All pluralistic societies have adopted a public policy of multiculturalism. false Which country spends the most overall on military hardware? United States Which of the following countries does not have nuclear-weapon capability? Spain
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The Gini Index directly measures: income inequality Globally, although there is structural violence, equality is increasing rapidly. false About 6 billion people in the world are undernourished. false The news media are examples of: soft power Modernization is a biased Western development concept. true Why are the Inuit people so exposed to toxic elements? They rely on seafood that is poisoned by toxic water runoff. When foreign-born individuals migrate to another country, it is known as external migration. true The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is largely a symbolic document.
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true The universal Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples was adopted by the United Nations in: 2007 In sub-Saharan Africa, 72 percent of the urban population: lives in slums The efficiency of the atmosphere in retaining heat is increasing. true Physical and psychological harm caused by economic systems is: structural violence Approximately how many children die yearly due to hunger? 6 million marriage A culturally sanctioned union between two or more people that establishes certain rights and obligations between the people, between them and their children, and between them and their in-laws. Such marriage rights and obligations most often include, but are not limited to, sex, labor, property, childrearing, exchange, and status.
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incest marriage or sexual intercourse between people who are too closely related, usually parent and child and sibling relations at a minimum endogamy marriage within a particular group or category of individuals exogamy marriage outside the group monogamy a marriage form in which both parters have just one spouse serial monogamy A form of marriage in which a person may have several spouses in his or her lifetime, but only one spouse at a time. polygamy a marriage form in which one individual has multiple spouses at the same time. greek words "poly" many and "gamos" marriage polygyny a form of marriage in which men have more than one wife
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polyandry a form of marriage in which women have more than one husband group marriage marriage in which several men and women have sexual access to one another; also called co-marriage parallel cousin the child of a father's brother or a mother's sister cross-cousin the child of a mother's brother or father's sister bridewealth the money or valuable goods paid by the groom or his family to the bride's family upon marriage also called brideprice bride service a designated period of time when the groom works for the bride's family dowry a payment at the time of a woman's marriage that comes from her inheritance, made to either her or her husband
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household a domestic unit of one or more persons living in one residence conjugal family a family established through marriage consanguineal family a family of blood relatives, consisting of related women, their brothers, and the women's offspring nuclear family a group that includes a parent or parents and any children extended famliy two or more closely related nuclear families clustered together in a large domestic group patrilocal residence a residence pattern in which a married couple lives in the husband's father's place of residence matrilocal residence a residence pattern in which a married couple lives in the wife's mother's place of residence
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neolocal residence living arrangement in which a married couple sets up residence separate from either spouse's family kinship a network of relatives into which individuals are born and married, and with whom they cooperate based on customarily prescribed rights and obligations descent group any kin-group whose members share a direct line of descent from a real (historical) or fictional common ancestor unilinear descent descent traced exclusively through either the male or the female line of ancestry to establish group membership matrilineal descent descent traced exclusively through the female line to establish group membership patrilineal descent descent traced exclusively through the male line to establish group membership lineage
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a unilineal descent group larger than an extended family whose members can actually trace how they are related fission the splitting of a descent group into two or more new descent groups Totemism the belief that people are related to particular animals, plants, or natural objects by virtue of descent from common ancestral spirits eskimo system In kinship terminology, a system emphasizing the nuclear family by specifically identifying the mother, father, brother, and sister, while lumping together all other relatives into broad categories such as uncle, aunt, and cousin; also known as the lineal system. Hawaiian system In kinship terminology, a system in which all relatives of the same sex and generation are referred to by the same kin term; also known as the generational system. iroquois system Kinship reckoning in which a father and father's brother are referred to by a single term, as are a mother and mother's sister, but a father's sister and mother's brother are given separate terms. Parallel cousins are classified with brothers and sisters, while cross cousins are classified separately but not equated with relatives of some other generation age grade
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an organized category of people based on age; every individual passes through a series of such categories over his or her lifetime age set A formally established group of people born during a certain time span who move through the series of age-grade categories together common-interest association associations that are formally recognized with a name and social organization, but are not based on age, kinship, marriage, or territory. egalitarian societies societies in which people have about the same rank and share equally in the basic resources that support income, status, and power caste a closed social class in a stratified society in which membership is determined by birth and fixed for life In its most basic sense, impression management is always wrong and manipulative. False Power and influence are essentially interchangeable terms. False
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Reward power is limited to material rewards such as pay or work assignments. False In most cases, expert power tends to follow exact lines of authority. False It is possible for a manager to acquire power, such as by exhibiting a high level of expertise in a task. True Position power is power that resides in a person's individual characteristics, regardless of the span of control False In general, legitimate power is exercised through a formal request that subordinates do what the leader wishes. True Coercive power exists when one person has the ability to punish or harm someone else. True Many techniques can be used in the practice of political behavior in organizations. True
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Reducing uncertainty is one way of reducing political behavior in an organization. True Being aware of the causes and techniques of political behavior can enable a leader to manage the effects of politics in an organization. True According to research, employees are often more responsive to the social influence of their peers than to the control and incentives of management. True Influence attempts are often unsuccessful on the first try. True People generally use political behavior to promote or protect their self-interests. True High self-monitors tend to present consistent images of themselves regardless of the situation. False When engaging in impression management, people tend to speak at a higher pitch. True
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Employees who exhibit compliance are following a leader's directions but are not exerting extraordinary effort to accomplish those directions. True ____ power is granted by virtue of one's position in the organization. a. Legitimate b. Reward c. Coercive d. Expert e. Referent Legitimate A manager's ability to control the information his or her subordinates have access to is called referent power. False Examples of reward power include all of the following EXCEPT a. pay. b. work assignments. c. promotion. d. praise. e. tenure. Tenure
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____ power exists when a person has the ability to punish or harm someone else. a. Legitimate b. Reward c. Coercive d. Expert e. Referent Coercive ____ power exists when a person has valuable skills or knowledge. a. Legitimate b. Reward c. Coercive d. Expert e. Referent Expert A person in the organization has the ability to given bonuses to employees as part of a corporate compensation program. This is an example of __________ power. a. referent b. legitimate c. reward d. expert e. coercive Reward An up-and-coming executive who is charismatic is likely exhibiting __________ power.
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a. coercive b. emulation c. personal d. referent e. legitimate Referent Referent power involves all of the following EXCEPT a. trust. b. similarity. c. acceptance. d. promotions. e. affection. Promotions __________ power exists when subordinates behave as the manager does and wants because they seek his or her approval. a. Legitimate b. Reward c. Coercive d. Expert e. Referent Referent Referent, expert, informational, and persuasive powers all contribute to a. psychological power.
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b. personal power. c. position power. d. authority. e. referent power. Personal power Position power includes all of the following EXCEPT a. referent power. b. legitimate power. c. reward power. d. coercive power. e. All of these are bases of positional power. Referent power Which of the following describes the concept of empowerment? a. It occurs when no training is required for employees. b. It is the process of making decisions for employees, without their input. c. It is the process of sharing power and giving others the authority to make decisions. d. It is often exercised through rational persuasion. e. None of these are correct. It is the process of sharing power and giving others the authority to make decisions Which of the following describes how subunits obtain power? a. Centrality and critical impact b. Strategic power c. Control of resources
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d. Resource scarcity e. All of these are correct. All of these are correct! a. Centrality and critical impact b. Strategic power c. Control of resources d. Resource scarcity Which response to influence entails endorsing the influence attempt and becoming an actively involved participant? a. Passive resistance b. Commitment c. Compliance d. Active resistance e. Loyalty Commitment Managers may enhance their referent power by a. choosing subordinates who have backgrounds similar to their own. b. defending subordinates' interests. c. engaging in role modeling. d. treating subordinates fairly. e. All of these are correct. All of these are correct! a. Choosing subordinates who have backgrounds similar to their own. b. Defending subordinates' interests. c. Engaging in role modeling.
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d. Treating subordinates fairly What is the reasoning behind role modeling? a. Having managers act out the role of the subordinate gives them a better understanding of the subordinate's feelings. b. A manager should select subordinates who are similar to him or her. c. Having subordinates act out the role of manager in contrived settings gives them a better understanding of directives. d. A leader behaves in the same way that he or she wants subordinates to behave. e. A leader is more likely to build referent power if he or she is sensitive to others' needs and feelings. A leader behaves in the same way that he or she wants subordinates to behave Which of the following is NOT a way that managers can enhance expert power? a. Staying current in their field b. Acting confident c. Telling the truth d. Keeping experience and accomplishments private e. Engaging in formal training and on-the-job learning Keeping experience and accomplishments private In general, how do leaders exercise legitimate power? a. Issuing formal requests b. Maintaining credibility c. Making requests in a demanding tone d. Keeping aware of information that is relevant and that may be needed by the organization
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e. Keeping aware of subordinates' actions Issuing formal requests A guideline for using legitimate power is a. engaging in role modeling. b. maintaining credibility. c. making requests politely but confidently. d. verifying compliance. e. revealing accomplishments and awards. Making requests politely but confidently If a subunit's work __________, its power position decreases. a. can't be duplicated b. can be outsourced c. is specialized d. is hard to replace e. All of these are correct. Can be outsourced Offering incentives that are desirable to workers is an example of how to effectively use __________ power. a. referent b. legitimate c. reward d. expert e. coercive
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Reward Each of the following reduces political behavior EXCEPT a. formal rules and procedures. b. open communication. c. acting as a good role model. d. confronting employees who act inefficiently, unethically, or irresponsibly. e. All of these can reduce political behavior. All of these can reduce political behavior! a. Formal rules and procedures. b. Open communication. c. Acting as a good role model. d. Confronting employees who act inefficiently, unethically, or irresponsibly. Jim strongly disagrees with a new program that is being developed and wants to prevent the program from moving forward. Jim manages to fill up the department meeting agenda with other issues, so there isn't enough time to discuss the new program. Which political behavior technique has Jim used? a. Game playing b. Controlling the agenda c. Using outside experts d. Controlling information e. Controlling decision parameters Controlling the agenda Techniques of political behavior include all of the following EXCEPT a. eliminating political rivals.
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b. building coalitions. c. leveraging technology. d. image building. e. controlling lines of communication. Leveraging technology _______ power involves the use of pleasurable consequences to influence and motivate followers. a. Legitimate b. Reward c. Coercive d. Expert e. Referent Reward ____ power is derived from control over access to valuable data. a. Expert b. Reward c. Persuasive d. Informational e. Referent Informational ____ power is derived from one's ability to convince others of something. a. Expert b. Reward c. Persuasive
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d. Informational e. Referent Persuasive Which of the following is NOT a type of personal power? a. Reward b. Persuasive c. Informational d. Expert e. Referent Reward Which of the following terms refers to a person or group's potential to influence another person or group to do something that would otherwise not have been done? a. Strength b. Politics c. Charisma d. Coercion e. Power Power Which of the following does NOT contribute to the leadership motive pattern? a. High need for achievement b. High need for power c. High impulse control d. Low need for affiliation
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e. All of these contribute to the leadership motive pattern. High need for achievement David McClelland found that the primary driver of a leader's performance was the leader's a. lack of impulse control. b. need for approval. c. need for affiliation. d. need for achievement. e. need for power. Need for power The desire to control, influence, or be responsible for others is called a need for a. domination. b. approval. c. power. d. achievement. e. affiliation. Power Which response to influence entails going along with what the influencer wants without becoming personally invested? a. Passive resistance b. Commitment c. Compliance d. Active resistance e. Loyalty
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Compliance Which response to influence entails rejecting the influence attempt but not getting in the way of what the influencer is trying to do? a. Passive resistance b. Commitment c. Compliance d. Active resistance e. Loyalty Passive resistance Which response to influence entails rejecting the influence attempt and actively trying to stop the influencer from doing what she is trying to do? a. Passive resistance b. Commitment c. Compliance d. Active resistance e. Loyalty Active resistance Which political tactic entails strategically restricting who has access to what data? a. Game playing b. Controlling the agenda c. Using outside experts d. Controlling information e. Controlling decision parameters
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Controlling information Which political tactic entails using "neutral" third parties who are actually paid and directed by someone, or otherwise predisposed to act in her favor?a. Game playing b. Controlling the agenda c. Using outside experts d. Controlling information e. Controlling decision parameters Using outside experts Which political tactic entails trying to influence decisions before they are made? a. Game playing b. Controlling the agenda c. Using outside experts d. Controlling information e. Controlling decision parameters Controlling decision parameters Which political tactic entails the use of tricks such as leaking information or having only friends fill out a survey? a. Game playing b. Controlling the agenda c. Using outside experts d. Controlling information e. Controlling decision parameters Game playing
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Which political tactic entails the use of "spin doctors" to project a desirable image? a. Eliminating political rivals b. Building coalitions c. Leveraging technology d. Image building e. Controlling lines of communication Image building Which political tactic entails befriending powerful people or starting small subgroups to promote specific aims? a. Eliminating political rivals b. Building coalitions c. Leveraging technology d. Image building e. Controlling lines of communication Building coalitions Which political tactic may entail getting an opponent promoted? a. Eliminating political rivals b. Building coalitions c. Leveraging technology d. Image building e. Controlling lines of communication Eliminating political rivals
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Which political tactic entails establishing gatekeepers to restrict access to information? a. Eliminating political rivals b. Building coalitions c. Leveraging technology d. Image building e. Controlling lines of communication Controlling lines of communication Which of the following behaviors can lead to abuse of power? a. Demeaning an employee b. Exploiting an employee c. Taking advantage of an employee d. Influencing others to do things they later regret e. All of these are correct. All of these are correct! a. Demeaning an employee b. Exploiting an employee c. Taking advantage of an employee d. Influencing others to do things they later regret Which term refers to acting in a way that influences someone to do something against their better judgment that they later regret? a. Abuse of power b. Coercion c. Empowerment d. Power e. Leadership
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Abuse of power Which term refers to sharing power with employees and giving them the authority to make and implement at least some decisions? a. Abuse of power b. Coercion c. Empowerment d. Power e. Leadership Empowerment ________ can increase a leader's power. a. Performing well b. Being exploitive c. Being coercive d. Performing adequately e. None of these are correct. Performing well When resources become scarce, it causes power differences across subunits to a. become irrelevant. b. reduce. c. magnify. d. fluctuate. e. None of these are correct. Magnify
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A subunit's _________ is the extent to which it influences the work of other subunits and has a critical impact on the firm's key product or service. a. referent power b. uncertainty c. resource scarcity d. centrality e. substitutability Centrality A subunit's power is reduced to the extent that others inside or outside of the organization can also perform its responsibilities. This reflects the subunit's a. referent power. b. uncertainty. c. resource scarcity. d. centrality. e. substitutability. Substitutability If a subunit's work can be outsourced, that unit's power a. decreases. b. increases. c. fluctuates. d. doesn't change. e. decreases at first, then increases over time. Decreases
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The subunits most capable of coping with uncertainty tend to have a. greater power. b. less power. c. moderate power. d. more intragroup conflict. e. more intergroup conflict. Greater power Which term reflects how people translate their power to affect the behavior of others? a. Influence tactics b. Power tactics c. Need for power d. Need for control e. Image management Influence tactics Of the various influence tactics, which one has been found to be the least effective? a. Exchange b. Pressure c. Coalition d. Ingratiation e. Legitimating Pressure
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Which influence tactic entails engaging the help of others to persuade someone to do something? a. Exchange b. Pressure c. Coalition d. Ingratiation e. Legitimating Coalition Which influence tactic entails offering to provide something of value now or in the future for someone's cooperation? a. Exchange b. Pressure c. Coalition d. Ingratiation e. Legitimating Exchange Which influence tactic entails flattering or praising someone to put them in a good mood or to make them more likely to want to help? a. Exchange b. Pressure c. Coalition d. Ingratiation e. Legitimating Ingratiation
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Which influence tactic entails enhancing one's formal authority to make a certain request by referring to rules, precedents, or official documents? a. Exchange b. Pressure c. Coalition d. Ingratiation e. Legitimating Legitimating Which influence tactic entails using coercion or persistent follow-up or reminders to gain influence? a. Exchange b. Pressure c. Coalition d. Ingratiation e. Legitimating Pressure Of the various influence tactics, which one has been found to be the most effective? a. Equal exchange b. Extreme pressure c. Coalition d. Rational persuasion e. Legitimating Rational persuasion Which influence tactic risks undesirable side effects such as resentment?
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a. Exchange b. Pressure c. Coalition d. Ingratiation e. Legitimating Pressure Which influence tactic is seen as more credible when used early rather than after other influence attempts have failed? a. Exchange b. Pressure c. Coalition d. Ingratiation e. Legitimating Ingratiation Because of its higher cost, which influence tactic do leaders typically only use after other tactics have failed? a. Exchange b. Pressure c. Coalition d. Ingratiation e. Legitimating Exchange The use of humor may contribute to which influence tactic?
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a. Exchange b. Pressure c. Coalition d. Ingratiation e. Legitimating Ingratiation Which influence tactic entails appealing to someone's aspirations, values, and ideals to gain her commitment or increasing people's confidence that they can do something in order to increase motivation? a. Rational persuasion b. Consultation c. Personal appeals d. Empowerment e. Inspirational appeals Inspirational appeals Which influence tactic entails asking someone to do something "because we're friends"? a. Rational persuasion b. Consultation c. Personal appeals d. Empowerment e. Inspirational appeals Personal appeals Which influence tactic entails using logic and facts to persuade someone?
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a. Rational persuasion b. Consultation c. Personal appeals d. Empowerment e. Inspirational appeals Rational persuasion Which influence tactic entails requesting someone's advice to solve a problem or mutually setting goals to increase a follower's commitment to the leader's decision? a. Rational persuasion b. Consultation c. Personal appeals d. Empowerment e. Inspirational appeals Consultation Which influence tactic should be used early if you expect doubts about the validity of your request? a. Exchange b. Pressure c. Coalition d. Ingratiation e. Legitimating Legitimating Which of the following influence tactics is generally the most effective? a. Coalition tactics
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b. Consultation c. Personal appeals d. Legitimating tactics e. Ingratiation Consultation Which term refers to the process of portraying a desired image or attitude to control the impression others form of us? a. Influence b. Politics c. Empowerment d. Impression management e. Leadership Impression management Which term refers to having a high concern with others' perceptions and adjusting one's behavior to fit the situation? a. Political skill b. Manipulation c. Machiavellianism d. Self-monitoring e. Vanity Self-monitoring Which of the following is NOT a "tell" that someone is using impression management? a. Allowing greater periods of silence during the conversation
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b. Looking away rather than at the person being spoken to c. Leg fidgeting d. More frequent blinking e. More hand gesturing More hand gesturing Which type of power does NOT rely on external motivation and obligatory obedience? a. Expert b. Coercive c. Reward d. Legitimate e. None of these are correct. Expert Which of the following is an example of abuse of power? a. Disrespecting individual dignity b. Interfering with job performance c. Withholding deserved rewards d. Discouraging employees from helping others e. All of these are correct. All of these are correct Sexual ___________, which is a form of abuse of power, refers to unwanted sexual advances, requests, communication, or contact with the threat of punishment for noncompliance. a. innuendo b. harassment
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c. assault d. treatment e. None of these are correct. Harassment Which of the following increases the incidence of political behaviors? a. Complexity b. Ambiguous roles and goals c. Centralization d. Scarce resources e. All of these are correct. All of these are correct! a. Complexity b. Ambiguous roles and goals c. Centralization d. Scarce resources Leaders should adjust their use of power a. under no circumstances b. based on the people the leaders are trying to influence c. if employees are motivated by monetary rewards. d. based on the industry they work in. e. All of these are correct. Based on the people the leaders are trying to influence
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Because the effects of referent and expert power rely on the employee's internal motivation and voluntary compliance, they are a. never appropriate. b. an abuse of power. c. sometimes appropriate. d. always appropriate. e. a form of empowerment. Always appropriate Which of the following is NOT a source of empowerment for employees? a. Coaching b. Control over their work c. Skills training d. Being told that they are empowered e. Technology Being told that they are empowered Which of the following recommendations would NOT help someone to be more persuasive? a. Connect with people emotionally b. Create a continuous feedback loop c. Begin with a hard sell d. Be patient e. Be willing to compromise Begin with a hard sell What term refers to making informal or formal appeals to organizational superiors for intervention?
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a. Downward appeal b. Upward appeal c. Inspirational appeal d. Managerial appeal e. Coalition formation Upward appeal ____________ refers to going along in order to get ahead. a. Inaction b. Impression management c. Politics d. Upward influence e. Downward influence Inaction The threat to transfer someone to a branch office in an undesirable location can be interpreted as a form of ___________ power. Coercive Legitimate, reward, and coercive power all contribute to __________ power. Position ____________________ is a form of influence where the subordinate is willing to carry out the leader's wishes as long as doing so will not require extraordinary effort. Compliance
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For many people, ________ is often assumed to be synonymous with dirty tricks or backstabbing. Politics A subunit's ____________________ is the extent to which others inside or outside of the organization can also perform its responsibilities. Substitutability The degree to which power is shared and an employee has the authority to make and implement at least some decisions is called ___________. Empowerment The ________ of power is using any type of power to demean, exploit, or take advantage of someone or influencing someone to do something he or she later regrets. Abuse The process of portraying a desired image or attitude to control the impression others form of us is called _________. Impression management The _________ upward influence style, which uses the most influence and emphasizes assertiveness and bargaining, is associated with the highest levels of job tension and personal stress. Shotgun
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The _________ influence tactic involves appealing to someone's aspirations, values, and ideals to gain commitment to an idea. Inspiration appeals Among the Kapauku, the tonowi, or "rich one," is the: "big man" a state governed by a priestly elite headed by a priest claiming divine descent is called a theocracy which of the following characteristics does not describe an uncentralized political system large population among the kapauku who has the ultimate authority to confiscate property headman traditionally chiefdoms have been extremely unstable disputes may be settled in each of the following ways except exasperation
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between the polarities of kin-ordered and state-ordered varieties there are numerous types of political systems which of the following is not a type of domination and repression enculturation which type of political organization is least ordered by kinship state in an uncentralized political system the principal means of social organization is kinship candhi movement of nonviolent resistance was a form of civil disobedience true for sanctions to be effective they must be arbitrary and not anticipated false religion is frequently used to legitimize political authority true
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paramount chiefs are involved intensely with local issues and are know for their frequent interactions with ordinary people false men have held significantly more positions of political leadership true on the gini index what number represents perfect equality 0 power that organizations and orchestrates the systemic interaction within and among societies is an example of structural power according to the gini index 40 percent of the people in the world live on less than $2 a day scientific knowledge and techniques mainly borrowed from the industrialized west are primarily associates with the modernization subprocess of technological development in india mcdonald's makes it big mac with lamb
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canadian inuit face health problems related to high levels of what contaminant in the sea mammals polychlorinated biphenyls worldwide, integrative forces traditionally include all of the following except us arym what is the current number of worldwide who are considered to be overweight 1.1 billion what threats do megacorporations pose to national governments it is difficult for governments to get information from them for informed policy decisions among what indigenous population have scientist found the highest levels of PCBs inuit a devolution movement is evident in numerous nationalist movements true our planet today is constantly under satellite surveillance true
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israel, britain and india are all considered to be nuclear states true paul farmer works with issues of structural violence in haiti true multiculturalism is more common than cultural pluralism false what is a talking circle a practice in which disputing parties come together in a circle political organization is associated with each of the following the means to eradicate all forms of power which of the following pairs of examples of uncentralized systems tribes/bands all of the following are key goals of the program on negotiation except to find a way to eliminate all disputes in human society authority is associated with each of the following except
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imposing obedience or submission according to ury what is the third side the role that the surrounding community plays in resolving disputes between parties in uncentralized policial systems the primary goal of juidical proceeding is to restore social harmony how are offenses viewd differently in a state society there is a distinction between crimes against the state and against the individuals; in a band society there is only transgression against individuals or kin groups revitalization movements are a form of violent rebellion false Religion is frequently used to legitimize political authority true acculturation is a type of ethnocide false deadly feuds have been found in band societies
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true the band is an example of a centralized type of political organization false hard power is coercive true the invention of the stream engine launched the industrial revoultion true all pluralistic societies have adopted a public policy of multiculturalism false Indigenouse people sought to establish the world council establish ethnocentrism approximately how many children die yearly due to hunger 6 million Which of the follwoing statements is not correct the introduction of gasoline-fueled internal combustion engines occured in the 1840s
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how many countries are member of EU 28 what is diasporic community a group of people who come from the same part of the world but now live in another place the total value of all goods and services produced within a country per year is its gross domestic product all of the following conditions tend toward the development of separatist movements except lack of transnational communities within the state the gini index directly measures income inequality what is the relationship between globalization and local culture cultures respond differently to the process of globalization telecommunication technological development and industrialization are some of the processes associated with modernization
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The trend in political units over the past 5,000 years has routinely included all of the following except: tendency to become more all-encompassing tendency to become fewer in number tendency to become more representative tendency to become larger tendency to become fewer in number The globalization process has: empowered people to succeed defined people and whole groups as inferior argued against self-determination done all of the things listed here empowered people to succeed The recent rise in global urbanization has been fueled mainly by: rise of state societies mining mechanized farming rural-to-urban migrations rise of state societies Which of the following is not a subprocess of modernization?
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industrialization agricultural development urbanization politicization politicization The first circumnavigation of the globe was achieved by which explorer? Marco Polo Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan Francisco Pizarro Ferdinand Magellan Telecommunication, technological development, and industrialization are some of the processes associated with: urbanization modernization globalization nationalization globalization Throughout time, all large states have a tendency to:
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break up foster greater unity become more stable to experience a rise in prosperity break up The Pashtun, Turkmen, and Hazara are all ethnic groups in: Turkey Afghanistan Liberia France Afghanistan How many countries are members of the European Union? 9 31 14 27 27 How many member states are there in the United Nations? 67 167
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273 193 193 Which of the following is a public policy for managing a society's multiple ethnicities in a manner of respect and tolerance? ethnoculturalism diversity pluralism multiculturalism multiculturalism Two or more neighboring ethnic groups maintaining a loose political union while retaining their own cultural identities is referred to as a: pluralistic society ethnocentric society international society multicultural society multicultural society In almost all parts of the world, nation-building: results in the destruction of multi-ethnic societies
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results in the preservation of multi-ethnic societies results in the increase development of ethnic societies has no effect on multi-ethnic societies results in the destruction of multi-ethnic societies Structural power: has decreasing significance in the new global order diverts attention from the relationship between the new global order and political institutions fails to capture the complex new cultural formation in the world applies to regional political organizations diverts attention from the relationship between the new global order and political institutions Globalization involves all of the following except: restructured social field of force controlled profit growth development of new commercial markets struggle for scarce natural resources restructured field of force
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Which country has the most hard power at their disposal? Japan England United States China United States Power that organizes and orchestrates the systemic interaction within and among societies is an example of: structural power hard power soft power sanctions structural power Which country spends the most overall on military hardware? Saudi Arabia Europe Iran United States US The news media is an example of:
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global order soft power hard power structural power soft power What threats do megacorporations pose to national governments? megacorporations have their own governments and do not work in national countries it is challenging for governments to find the sufficient workers for the corporations global corporations prefer to make all foreign policy decisions without laws it is difficult for governments to get information from them for informed policy decisions it is difficult for governments to get information from them for informed policy decisions Today, the top 100 companies control what percentage of the world's total assets? 33% 21% 50% 73% 33%
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Which of the following is currently the largest mega-corporation? McDonald's General Electric Wal-Mart Hyundai Wal-Mart Who faces risks in a global economy? children women men everyone everyone Today, the top 100 companies employ what percentage of the world's workforce? 29% 3% 7% 1% 1% In general, which demographic group is most favored by multinational corporations?
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adolescents men children women women The global media environment today: is primarily digital-electronic is decreasingly important is dominated by developing countries wields hard power only is primarily digital electronic The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations in: 1948 1968 l998 1938 1948 What is a "global mediascape"? global flow of information dominance of structural power through the media
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dominance of one country over another in global media existence of a "third way" which is the media empire global flow of information Physical and psychological harm caused by economic systems is: sanctionary violence cultural violence structural violence structural coercion structural violence The collapse of local markets due to subsidized foreign imports is an example of: hard power structural violence structural coercion external coercion structural violence What two countries today each have more than one billion people? China/Russia China/India India/Russia Russia/Thailand
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China/India Between 1950 and 2000 the world population reached a high of: 16 billion 6 billion 2 billion 8 billion 6 billion During the 20th century 44 million people have died due to: smog typhoid fever earthquakes human-made famine human-made famine The poorest 20% of the world's population subsists on what percentage of all goods and services in the world? 3.2% 0.7% 1.9% 1.3% 1.3%
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Approximately how many children die yearly due to hunger? 5 million 1 billion 2 million 6 million 6 million What is the current number of people worldwide who are considered to be overweight? 347 million 1.1 billion 1.9 billion 2.3 billion 1.1 billion The World Health Organization classifies which of the following as a worldwide epidemic? obesity skin cancer shingles emphysema obesity
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Among what indigenous population have scientists found the highest levels of PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls)? Maya Yanomamo Inuit Pashto Inuit Body image is: pedagogical cultural biological institutional cultural Canadian Inuit face health problems related to high levels of what contaminant in sea mammals? methane mercurial triphenyls polychlorinated biphenyls diestrogen polychromate polychlorinated biphenyls
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The movement of manufacturing and hazardous waste disposal to developing countries is caused by the availability of all of the following except: higher safety standards in developing countries cheaper labor in developing countries larger profits for the corporation in developing countries lower production costs higher safety standards in developing countries Which continent consumes the least commercial energy per capita? Africa Asia North America South America Africa The movement within a country from rural to urban areas is called: internal emigration emigration internal migration external migration internal migration In the United Nations 1966 Covenant on Human Rights, it states that ethnic groups within nation-states:
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are encouraged to assert their independence and right of self-determination should use technological advance to further develop their cultures need to assimilate to the dominant cultures have group rights have group rights Migration has contributed to all of the following except: diffusion of ideas development culture change decreases in ethnocentrism decreases in ethnocentrism Which of the following is not an article in the Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples? overthrow current national governments rights of self-determination recognition of indigenous land titles respect for indigenous cultural heritages overthrow current national governments
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What is the relationship between globalization and local culture? larger nation-states are less affected by global forces than small ones cultures respond differently to the processes of globalization globalization tends to affect poorer nations more than wealthy ones cultures all respond violently to global initiatives and integration cultures respond differently to the processes of globalization Approximately how many of the world's population now lives outside their countries of birth as migrants? 17 million 275 million 200 million 25 million 200 million Approximately how many people are currently living outside their national borders as refugees or are internally displaced? 14 million 9 million 12 million 45 million
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45 million The trend in political units over the past 5,000 years has routinely included all of the following Tendency to become more all-encompassing Tendency to become more representative Tendency to become larger The globalization process has Empowered people to succeed Eighty percent of the human population subsists on what percentage of all goods and services in the world 17% The recent rise in global urbanization has been fueled mainly by Rise of state societies Subprocesses of modernization Industrialization Agricultural development Urbanization The first circumnavigation of the globe was achieved by which explorer Ferdinand Magellan
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Telecommunication, technological development, and industrialization are some of the processes associated with Globalization Throughout time all large states have a tendency to Break up The Pashtun, Turkmen, and Hazara are all ethnic groups in Afghanistan How many countries are members of the European union 27 How many member states are there in the United Nations 193 Which of the following is a public policy for managing a society's multiple ethnicities in a manner of respect and tolerance Multiculturalism Two or more neighboring ethnic groups maintaining a loose political union while retaining their own cultural identities is referred to as a
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Multicultural society In almost all parts of the world, nation-building Results in the destruction of multi-ethnic societies Structural power Diverts attention from the relationship between the new global order and political institutions Globalization involves all of the following Controlled profit growth Development of new commercial markets Struggle for scarce natural resources Which country has the most hard power at their disposal United States Power that organizes and orchestrates the systemic interaction within and among societies is an example of Structural power Which country spends the most overall on military hardware United States
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The news media is an example of Soft power What threats do megacorporations pose to national governments It is difficult for governments to get information from them for informed policy decisions Today the top 100 companies control what percentage of the worlds total assets 33% Which of the following is currently the largest mega-corporation Wal-Mart Who faces risks in a global economy Everyone Today the top 100 companies employ what percentage of the worlds workforce 1% In general which demographic group is most favored by multinational corporations Women
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The global media environment today Is primarily digital-electric The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations in 1948 What is a global mediascape Global flow of information Physical and psychological harm caused by economic systems is Structural violence The collapse of local markets due to subsidized foreign imports is an example of Structural violence What two countries today each have more than one billion people China/India Between 1950 and 2000 the world population reached a high of 6 billion During the 20th century 44 million people have died due to
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Human-made famine The poorest 20% of the worlds population subsists on what percentage of all goods and services in the world 1.3% Approximately how many children die a year due to hunger 6 million What is the current number of people worldwide who are considered to be overweight 1.1 billion The World Health Organization classifies which of the following as a worldwide epidemic Obesity Among what indigenous population have scientists found the highest levels of PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) Inuit Body image is Cultural
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Canadian Inuit face health problems related to high levels of what contaminant in sea mammals Polychlorinated biphenyls The movement of manufacturing and hazardous waste disposal to developing countries is caused by the availability of all of the following Cheaper labor in developing countries Larger profits for the corporation in developing countries Lower production costs Which continent consumes the least commercial energy per capita Africa The movement within a country from rural to urban areas is called Internal migration In the United Nation 1966 Covenant of Human Rights it states that ethnic group within nation states Have group rights Migration has contributed to Diffusion of ideas Development Cultural change
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Articles in the Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Right to self determination Recognition of indigenous and land titles Respect for indigenous cultural heritages What is the relationship between globalization and local culture Cultures respond differently to the processes of globalization Approximately how many of the worlds population now lives outside their countries of birth as migrants 200 million Approximately how many people are currently living outside their national borders as refugees or are internally displaced 45 million Among the Ju/'hoansi, consciousness is a sign that: the soul and body are reunited What is a "global mediascape"? global flow of information In the United States, which of the following revitalization movements occurred?
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sun dance Shamanic experience is often associated with: altered states of consciousness Which of the following is home to more global corporations than any other country? United States When a group of people sees themselves as part of nature, they have a _______________ worldview. naturalistic The collective body of ideas that members of a culture generally share concerning the ultimate shape and substance of their reality is called a(n): worldview Which of the following statements is not correct? Religion and spirituality are embedded in the cultural infrastructure. Paul Farmer works in each of the following areas except: economics Religions tend to perpetuate the social structure of the society of which they are apart.
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true Why are the Inuit people so exposed to toxic elements? They rely on seafood that is poisoned by toxic water runoff. Paul Farmer works in Haiti with issues of health and structural violence. He is classified as an applied anthropologist in the field of: medical anthropology Which one of the following characteristics distinguishes spirituality from religion? individual practice Which of the following would be considered a macro level of world power? structural power The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is largely a symbolic document. true Ndebele women healers use what technique for divination? reading how bones land when thrown All of the following countries are showing the highest rates of obesity per capita currently except:
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india Industrial societies are typically animistic. false Food foraging people believe that the environment is imbued with spirituality. This is normally classified as what kind of religion? naturalistic Which of the following statements about mass migration is correct? About 20 percent of the people living in France today are foreign-born immigrants. The adaptation process by which a people resists assimilation by modifying its traditional cultural in response to pressures by a dominant society to preserve its distinctive ethnic identity is known as: accommodation Which of the following is not related to Islam? Sikhism Hard power is coercive. True
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When messages are believed to be passed from the dead to the living, it is referred to as necromancy. true Loas are Vodou: saints Under modernization, urbanization is particularly marked by: the movement of population from rural to urban areas A child's birth would be classified as a ritual of purification. false Which of the following is not a subprocess of modernization? politicization The Virgin of Guadalupe is an indigenous incarnation of the Virgin Mary. Across Latin America and Europe, there are many of these incarnations. Together, these brown or dark-colored images representing the Virgin Mary are called __________. Black Madonnas Paul Farmer argues that "inequality is our modern plague." What does he mean by this? that poverty and inequality are the primary causes of many infectious diseases
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Worldwide, what is the largest practiced religion today? Christianity Which of the following statements about Navajo skinwalkers is correct? The Navajo skinwalkers are believed to be able to transform themselves into animals. Which of the following best describes revitalization movements? a movement for radical cultural reform in response to widespread social disruption What is the greatest contributing factor in whether a society will have a strongly patriarchal or matriarchal pantheon? economics The efficiency of the atmosphere in retaining heat is referred to as the __________. greenhouse effect Individuals who earn their living in one country while maintaining citizenship in another country are referred to as: transnationals The hajj is a pilgrimage associated with: Islam
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Globalization involves all of the following except: controlled profit growth In industrial societies, there are no shamans. false According to anthropologists, which of the following statements is true? Religion has been found to be a part of all cultures. Which of the following is the opposite of multiculturalism (a multicultural public policy)? assimilation What is the primary reason that the Bugis of Sulawesi refrain from eating, drinking, smoking, and sexuality from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan? to purify their thoughts and build self-control and restraint for their deity Each of the following is a direct form of resistance against globalization except: consistent rise of poverty Omens are signs that can be interpreted. true
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The fear or hatred of strangers or anything foreign is called: xenophobia Food foraging peoples have a religious worldview with each of the characteristics except: they have a wide variety of formal ritual events In billions of dollars, the world's largest major global corporation is __________. Wal-Mart Approximately how many millions of people are in flux today as refugees? 15 The homogenization of the world's different cultures is sometimes referred to as: McDonaldization Each of the following corporations is a megacorporation except: Harley Davidson The trend in political units over the past 5,000 years has routinely included all of the following except: tendency to become more all-encompassing
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tendency to become fewer in number tendency to become more representative tendency to become larger tendency to become fewer in number The globalization process has: empowered people to succeed defined people and whole groups as inferior argued against self-determination done all of the things listed here empowered people to succeed The recent rise in global urbanization has been fueled mainly by: rise of state societies mining mechanized farming rural-to-urban migrations rise of state societies Which of the following is not a subprocess of modernization? industrialization agricultural development urbanization
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politicization politicization The first circumnavigation of the globe was achieved by which explorer? Marco Polo Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan Francisco Pizarro Ferdinand Magellan Telecommunication, technological development, and industrialization are some of the processes associated with: urbanization modernization globalization nationalization globalization Throughout time, all large states have a tendency to: break up foster greater unity become more stable to experience a rise in prosperity
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break up The Pashtun, Turkmen, and Hazara are all ethnic groups in: Turkey Afghanistan Liberia France Afghanistan How many countries are members of the European Union? 9 31 14 27 27 How many member states are there in the United Nations? 67 167 273 193 193
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Which of the following is a public policy for managing a society's multiple ethnicities in a manner of respect and tolerance? ethnoculturalism diversity pluralism multiculturalism multiculturalism Two or more neighboring ethnic groups maintaining a loose political union while retaining their own cultural identities is referred to as a: pluralistic society ethnocentric society international society multicultural society multicultural society In almost all parts of the world, nation-building: results in the destruction of multi-ethnic societies results in the preservation of multi-ethnic societies results in the increase development of ethnic societies
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has no effect on multi-ethnic societies results in the destruction of multi-ethnic societies Structural power: has decreasing significance in the new global order diverts attention from the relationship between the new global order and political institutions fails to capture the complex new cultural formation in the world applies to regional political organizations diverts attention from the relationship between the new global order and political institutions Globalization involves all of the following except: restructured social field of force controlled profit growth development of new commercial markets struggle for scarce natural resources restructured field of force Which country has the most hard power at their disposal? Japan England
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United States China United States Power that organizes and orchestrates the systemic interaction within and among societies is an example of: structural power hard power soft power sanctions structural power Which country spends the most overall on military hardware? Saudi Arabia Europe Iran United States US The news media is an example of: global order soft power hard power
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structural power soft power What threats do megacorporations pose to national governments? megacorporations have their own governments and do not work in national countries it is challenging for governments to find the sufficient workers for the corporations global corporations prefer to make all foreign policy decisions without laws it is difficult for governments to get information from them for informed policy decisions it is difficult for governments to get information from them for informed policy decisions Today, the top 100 companies control what percentage of the world's total assets? 33% 21% 50% 73% 33% Which of the following is currently the largest mega-corporation? McDonald's General Electric
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Wal-Mart Hyundai Wal-Mart Who faces risks in a global economy? children women men everyone everyone Today, the top 100 companies employ what percentage of the world's workforce? 29% 3% 7% 1% 1% In general, which demographic group is most favored by multinational corporations? adolescents men children women
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women The global media environment today: is primarily digital-electronic is decreasingly important is dominated by developing countries wields hard power only is primarily digital electronic The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations in: 1948 1968 l998 1938 1948 What is a "global mediascape"? global flow of information dominance of structural power through the media dominance of one country over another in global media existence of a "third way" which is the media empire global flow of information
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Physical and psychological harm caused by economic systems is: sanctionary violence cultural violence structural violence structural coercion structural violence The collapse of local markets due to subsidized foreign imports is an example of: hard power structural violence structural coercion external coercion structural violence What two countries today each have more than one billion people? China/Russia China/India India/Russia Russia/Thailand China/India Between 1950 and 2000 the world population reached a high of:
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16 billion 6 billion 2 billion 8 billion 6 billion During the 20th century 44 million people have died due to: smog typhoid fever earthquakes human-made famine human-made famine The poorest 20% of the world's population subsists on what percentage of all goods and services in the world? 3.2% 0.7% 1.9% 1.3% 1.3% Approximately how many children die yearly due to hunger?
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5 million 1 billion 2 million 6 million 6 million What is the current number of people worldwide who are considered to be overweight? 347 million 1.1 billion 1.9 billion 2.3 billion 1.1 billion The World Health Organization classifies which of the following as a worldwide epidemic? obesity skin cancer shingles emphysema obesity Among what indigenous population have scientists found the highest levels of PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls)? Maya
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Yanomamo Inuit Pashto Inuit Body image is: pedagogical cultural biological institutional cultural Canadian Inuit face health problems related to high levels of what contaminant in sea mammals? methane mercurial triphenyls polychlorinated biphenyls diestrogen polychromate polychlorinated biphenyls The movement of manufacturing and hazardous waste disposal to developing countries is caused by the availability of all of the following except: higher safety standards in developing countries cheaper labor in developing countries
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larger profits for the corporation in developing countries lower production costs higher safety standards in developing countries Which continent consumes the least commercial energy per capita? Africa Asia North America South America Africa The movement within a country from rural to urban areas is called: internal emigration emigration internal migration external migration internal migration In the United Nations 1966 Covenant on Human Rights, it states that ethnic groups within nation-states: are encouraged to assert their independence and right of self-determination should use technological advance to further develop their cultures
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need to assimilate to the dominant cultures have group rights have group rights Migration has contributed to all of the following except: diffusion of ideas development culture change decreases in ethnocentrism decreases in ethnocentrism Which of the following is not an article in the Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples? overthrow current national governments rights of self-determination recognition of indigenous land titles respect for indigenous cultural heritages overthrow current national governments What is the relationship between globalization and local culture? larger nation-states are less affected by global forces than small ones cultures respond differently to the processes of globalization
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globalization tends to affect poorer nations more than wealthy ones cultures all respond violently to global initiatives and integration cultures respond differently to the processes of globalization Approximately how many of the world's population now lives outside their countries of birth as migrants? 17 million 275 million 200 million 25 million 200 million Approximately how many people are currently living outside their national borders as refugees or are internally displaced? 14 million 9 million 12 million 45 million 45 million The trend in political units over the past 5,000 years has routinely included all of the following except: tendency to become more all-encompassing
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tendency to become fewer in number tendency to become more representative tendency to become larger tendency to become fewer in number The globalization process has: empowered people to succeed defined people and whole groups as inferior argued against self-determination done all of the things listed here empowered people to succeed The recent rise in global urbanization has been fueled mainly by: rise of state societies mining mechanized farming rural-to-urban migrations rise of state societies Which of the following is not a subprocess of modernization? industrialization agricultural development urbanization
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politicization politicization The first circumnavigation of the globe was achieved by which explorer? Marco Polo Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan Francisco Pizarro Ferdinand Magellan Telecommunication, technological development, and industrialization are some of the processes associated with: urbanization modernization globalization nationalization globalization Throughout time, all large states have a tendency to: break up foster greater unity become more stable to experience a rise in prosperity
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break up The Pashtun, Turkmen, and Hazara are all ethnic groups in: Turkey Afghanistan Liberia France Afghanistan How many countries are members of the European Union? 9 31 14 27 27 How many member states are there in the United Nations? 67 167 273 193 193
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Which of the following is a public policy for managing a society's multiple ethnicities in a manner of respect and tolerance? ethnoculturalism diversity pluralism multiculturalism multiculturalism Two or more neighboring ethnic groups maintaining a loose political union while retaining their own cultural identities is referred to as a: pluralistic society ethnocentric society international society multicultural society multicultural society In almost all parts of the world, nation-building: results in the destruction of multi-ethnic societies results in the preservation of multi-ethnic societies results in the increase development of ethnic societies
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has no effect on multi-ethnic societies results in the destruction of multi-ethnic societies Structural power: has decreasing significance in the new global order diverts attention from the relationship between the new global order and political institutions fails to capture the complex new cultural formation in the world applies to regional political organizations diverts attention from the relationship between the new global order and political institutions Globalization involves all of the following except: restructured social field of force controlled profit growth development of new commercial markets struggle for scarce natural resources restructured field of force Which country has the most hard power at their disposal? Japan England
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United States China United States Power that organizes and orchestrates the systemic interaction within and among societies is an example of: structural power hard power soft power sanctions structural power Which country spends the most overall on military hardware? Saudi Arabia Europe Iran United States US The news media is an example of: global order soft power hard power
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structural power soft power What threats do megacorporations pose to national governments? megacorporations have their own governments and do not work in national countries it is challenging for governments to find the sufficient workers for the corporations global corporations prefer to make all foreign policy decisions without laws it is difficult for governments to get information from them for informed policy decisions it is difficult for governments to get information from them for informed policy decisions Today, the top 100 companies control what percentage of the world's total assets? 33% 21% 50% 73% 33% Which of the following is currently the largest mega-corporation? McDonald's General Electric
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Wal-Mart Hyundai Wal-Mart Who faces risks in a global economy? children women men everyone everyone Today, the top 100 companies employ what percentage of the world's workforce? 29% 3% 7% 1% 1% In general, which demographic group is most favored by multinational corporations? adolescents men children women
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women The global media environment today: is primarily digital-electronic is decreasingly important is dominated by developing countries wields hard power only is primarily digital electronic The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations in: 1948 1968 l998 1938 1948 What is a "global mediascape"? global flow of information dominance of structural power through the media dominance of one country over another in global media existence of a "third way" which is the media empire global flow of information
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Physical and psychological harm caused by economic systems is: sanctionary violence cultural violence structural violence structural coercion structural violence The collapse of local markets due to subsidized foreign imports is an example of: hard power structural violence structural coercion external coercion structural violence What two countries today each have more than one billion people? China/Russia China/India India/Russia Russia/Thailand China/India Between 1950 and 2000 the world population reached a high of:
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16 billion 6 billion 2 billion 8 billion 6 billion During the 20th century 44 million people have died due to: smog typhoid fever earthquakes human-made famine human-made famine The poorest 20% of the world's population subsists on what percentage of all goods and services in the world? 3.2% 0.7% 1.9% 1.3% 1.3% Approximately how many children die yearly due to hunger?
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5 million 1 billion 2 million 6 million 6 million What is the current number of people worldwide who are considered to be overweight? 347 million 1.1 billion 1.9 billion 2.3 billion 1.1 billion The World Health Organization classifies which of the following as a worldwide epidemic? obesity skin cancer shingles emphysema obesity Among what indigenous population have scientists found the highest levels of PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls)? Maya
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Yanomamo Inuit Pashto Inuit Body image is: pedagogical cultural biological institutional cultural Canadian Inuit face health problems related to high levels of what contaminant in sea mammals? methane mercurial triphenyls polychlorinated biphenyls diestrogen polychromate polychlorinated biphenyls The movement of manufacturing and hazardous waste disposal to developing countries is caused by the availability of all of the following except: higher safety standards in developing countries cheaper labor in developing countries
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larger profits for the corporation in developing countries lower production costs higher safety standards in developing countries Which continent consumes the least commercial energy per capita? Africa Asia North America South America Africa The movement within a country from rural to urban areas is called: internal emigration emigration internal migration external migration internal migration In the United Nations 1966 Covenant on Human Rights, it states that ethnic groups within nation-states: are encouraged to assert their independence and right of self-determination should use technological advance to further develop their cultures
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need to assimilate to the dominant cultures have group rights have group rights Migration has contributed to all of the following except: diffusion of ideas development culture change decreases in ethnocentrism decreases in ethnocentrism Which of the following is not an article in the Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples? overthrow current national governments rights of self-determination recognition of indigenous land titles respect for indigenous cultural heritages overthrow current national governments What is the relationship between globalization and local culture? larger nation-states are less affected by global forces than small ones cultures respond differently to the processes of globalization
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globalization tends to affect poorer nations more than wealthy ones cultures all respond violently to global initiatives and integration cultures respond differently to the processes of globalization Approximately how many of the world's population now lives outside their countries of birth as migrants? 17 million 275 million 200 million 25 million 200 million Approximately how many people are currently living outside their national borders as refugees or are internally displaced? 14 million 9 million 12 million 45 million 45 million The trend units over the past 5,000 years has routinely included all of the following except tendency to become fewer in number
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the globalization process has done all of the things listed here Eight percent of the human population subsists on what percentage of all goods and services in the world? ... the recent rise in global urbanization has been fueled mainly by: mechanized farming Which of the following is not a subprocess of modernization politicization The first circumnavigation of the globe was achieved by which explorer Ferdinand Megallan Telecommunication, technological development, and industrialization are some of the processes associated with: modernization Throughout time, all large states have a tendency to: break up
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the Pashtun, Turkmen, and Hazara are all ethnic groups in Afghanistan How many countries are members of the European Union 27 How many members states are there in the United Nations? 193 Which of the following is a public policy for managing a society's multiple ethnicities in a manner of respect and tolerance multiculturalism Two of more neighboring ethnic group maintaining a loose political union while retaining their own cultural identities is referred to as a pluralistic society In almost all parts of the world, nation-building: results in the destruction of multi-ethnic societies structural power
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diverts from the relationship the new global order and political Globalization involves all of the following except: ... Which country has the most hard power at their disposal? United States Power that organizes and orchestrates the systemic interaction within and among societies is an example of: structural power Which country spends the most overall on military hardware? United States The news media is an example of: soft power What threats do mega corporations pose to national governments? ... Today, the top 100 companies control what percentage of the worlds total assets
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33% Which of the following is currently the largest mega-corporation? Wal-Mart Who faces risks in the global economy? everyone Today, the top 100 companies employ that percentage of the world's workface 1% In general, which demographic group is most favored by multinational corporations? women The global media environment today is primarily digital-electronic The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations in: 1948 What is "global mediascape" global flow of information
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Physical and psychological harm caused by economic systems is: structural violence The collapse of local markets due to subsidized foreign imports is an example of: Structural violence What two countries today each have more than one billion people china/india Between 1950 and 2000 the world population reached a higgh of: 6 billion During the 20th century 44 people have died due to: human-made famine The poorest 20% of the world's population subsists on what percentage of all goods and service in the world? 1.3% Approximately how many children die yearly due to hunger 6 million
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What is the current number of people worldwide who are considered to be overweight? 1.1 billion The World Health Organization classifies which of the following as a worldwide epidemic? Obesity Age grades are also referred to by the term age classes false A phratry is part of a unilinear descent group true group membership in patrilineal societies is held by the father and his wifes family false most societies worldwide allow individuals to choose their own spouse false the incest taboo is a fixed cultural law that does not vary between societies false
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a family of blood relatives is called a conjugal family false personal names are important in all cultures true medical and psychological approaches to healing based on western science cannot heal all types of mental illness true intersexuality is defines as a social term based on an individuals behavior false castrati were castrated males who had designated roles in the 15th-century roman catholic church true what is the primary advantages of fraternal polyandry in Tibet it creates a ready labor force and keeps land holdings together why are there much higher percentages of Pakistani first cousin marriages in Britain than in Pakistan because immigration restrictions to Britain are eased when one is marrying a British citizen
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Which form of residence is traditional among urban, upper-middle class Indian couples? patrilocal cohabitation households are composed of unmarried couples polygyny is favored by approximately what percentage of the worlds culture 80 which of the following arguments is not commonly used against same-sex marriage it destroys the social and economic basis of society in which residence pattern do we expect to find a married couple living with the husbands mothers brotehr avunvulocal an extended unilineal kinship group often consisting of several lineages whose members claim common descent from a remote ancestor is called a clan the harigan or the "children of god" are also know as the dalits
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under Iroquois terminology offspring of parental siblings of the same sex referred to as parallel cousins the clan results from lineage fission the historical maori were know as great seafarers hindu castes are distinguished by occupation and symbolic statue of purity to structure the individuals psychological field, self-awareness includes each of the following orientations except emotive orientation based on recent breakthroughs in human research anthropologists have come to recognize that an identifiable portion of our behavior is genetically influenced among the Khanty in northwester siberia infants not yet names are believed to be reincarnated ancestors who can talk to shamans
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in the US, manic depression is now called bipolar disease the ming dynasty in china was believed to include as many as 20,000 castrated males. when the last ruling emperor of china stepped dow in 1912 he has how many eunchs still 1500 what do the textbook authors mean by a generalized "cultural personality" a society that is composed of individuals who acquire distinct personalities yet share some common characteristics ranges of acceptable behavior for an individual within society are part of normative orientation anthropologist now believe that there is very little genetic influence be hind persoality false among the traditional Ju/'hoansi women are as self-reliant as men true rugged individualism is a common core value in chinese society false
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when people have a delusional system that is so different it does not reflect their society's norms they are classified as neurotic false clans have more genealogical depth than lineages true There is a close relationship between the descent system used and the mode of subsistence in a society true often archaeologists can detect social organization from material structure true a unilinear descent group composed of at least two clans that share a supposedly common ancestry is called a phratry the shriners organization in the US is an example of an common-interest association in what year did apartheid offcially "begin to end" in south africa
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1992 a common feature of matrilineal descent groups is a weakness in the tie between husband and wife in what year was the world's first test-tube baby produced 1978 the fifth and lowest category of Hindu castes is the Dalit under Sharia law women found guilty of having sexual relations outside of marriage were sentenced to death on an anthropological kinship chart women are designated by a circle according to strict Judeo-Christian law as prescribed in the book of Leviticus adultery was punishable by death what is the official position of the mormon church in regard to polygamy it is not officially approved practice
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the basic residential unit where economic production, consumption, inheritance, child rearing, and shelter are organized is called the household the smallest know family unit is the nuclear family true fraternal polyandry is practiced to allow for a larger labor force true in Samoa boys who take on the identity of females are called fa'afafines psychological anthropologist have distinguished three general patterns of child rearing. which of the following is not one of them? dependence training in what kind of society do we normally find rather egalitarian gender roles? hunting-gathering all of the following are accurate statements of biomedicine except
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it is fundamentally informed by a unified body-mind continum under which form of childrearing would you expect the most obedience dependence training as a way of addressing a medical need that is culturally derived or influenced anthropologist today are increasingly involved in medical mediation in "the Blessed Curse" how did Williamson's grandmother depict her status as intersexed a gift from the great spirit to be given strength and tenderness
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