Solutions for Fundamentals Of Thermodynamics
Problem 4.2P:
What is the effect can be felt upstream in a flow?Problem 4.4P:
Air at 500 kPa is expanded to l00 kPa in two steady-flow cases. Case one is a nozzle and case two is...Problem 4.5P:
A windmill takes out a fraction of the wind kinetic energy as power on a shaft. How do the...Problem 4.6P:
An underwater turbine extracts a fraction of the kinetic energy from the ocean current. How do the...Problem 4.7P:
A liquid water turbine at the bottom of a dam takes energy out as power on a shaft. Which term(s) in...Problem 4.8P:
You blow a balloon up with air. What kinds of work terms, including flow work, do you see in that...Problem 4.9P:
Storage tanks of cryogenic liquids (O2,N2,CH4) are very cold so they are well insulated but some...Problem 4.10P:
A large brewery has a pipe of cross-sectional area 0.2m2 flowing carbon dioxide at 1000kPa,0C with a...Problem 4.11P:
A pool is to be filled with 60m3 water from a garden hose of 2.5cm diameter flowing water at 2m/s ....Problem 4.12P:
Natural gas, CH4 , flowing in a 5cm -diameter pipe at 15C and 200kPa at the rate of 0.05kg/s ,...Problem 4.13P:
A boiler receives a constant flow of 5000kg/h liquid water at 5 MPa and 20°C, and it heats the flow...Problem 4.14P:
A 0.6m -diameter household fan takes air in at 98kPa,20C and delivers it at 105kPa,20.4C with a...Problem 4.15P:
Liquid water at 15°C flows out of nozzle straight up 15m . What is nozzle Vexit . and the specific...Problem 4.16P:
A nozzle receives an ideal gas flow with a velocity of 25m/s , and the exit at l00kPa,300K velocity...Problem 4.17P:
In a jet engine a flow afar at 1000K,200kPa, and 30m/s enters a nozzle, as shown in FigP4.17, where...Problem 4.18P:
The wind is blowing horizontally at 30m/s in a storm at P0,20C toward a wall, where it comes to a...Problem 4.19P:
A meteorite hits the upper atmosphere at 3000m/s , where the pressure is 0.1 atm and the temperature...Problem 4.20P:
Carbon dioxide is throttled from 20C,2000kPa to 800kPa . Find the exit temperature, assuming ideal...Problem 4.21P:
Saturated liquid R-410A at 25°C is throttled to 400kPa in a refrigerator. What is the exit...Problem 4.22P:
Carbon dioxide used as a natural refrigerant flows out of a cooler at 10MPa,40C , after which it is...Problem 4.23P:
Liquid water at 180C,2000kPa is throttled into a flash evaporator chamber having a pressure of 500...Problem 4.24P:
Methane at 1MPa,250K is throttled through a valve to l00 kPa. Assume no change in the kinetic...Problem 4.25P:
A steam turbine has an n1et of 3kg/s water at 1200 kPa and 350°C with a velocity of 15m/s . The exit...Problem 4.26P:
Air at 20m/s,1500K,875kPa with 5kg/s flows into a turbine and it flows out at 25m/s,850K,105kPa ....Problem 4.27P:
Solve the previous problem using Table A.7.Problem 4.28P:
A wind turbine can extract at most a fraction 16/27 of the wind kinetic energy. With a rotor...Problem 4.29P:
A liquid water turbine receives 2kg/s water at 2000kPa,20C with a velocity of 15m/s . The exit is at...Problem 4.30P:
A small high-speed turbine operating on compressed air produces a power output of 100 W. The inlet...Problem 4.31P:
Hoover Dam across the Colorado River dams up Lake Mead 200m higher than the river downstream (see...Problem 4.32P:
What is the specific work one can get from Hoover Dam now that the water level is down to 160 m...Problem 4.33P:
R-410A in a commercial refrigerator flows into the compressor at 25C and x=1 . The exit is at 1200...Problem 4.34P:
A compressor brings nitrogen from 100kPa,290K to 2000kPa . The process has a specific work input of...Problem 4.35P:
A refrigerator uses the natural refrigerant carbon dioxide where the compressor brings 0.02kg/s from...Problem 4.36P:
A factory generates compressed air from l00kPa,17C by compression to 800kPa,500K , after which it...Problem 4.37P:
A compressor brings R-134a from 150kPa,10Cto1200kPa,50C . It is water cooled, with heat loss...Problem 4.38P:
An exhaust fan in a building should be able to move 3kg/s atmospheric pressure air at 25°C through a...Problem 4.40P:
The air conditioner in a house or a car has a cooler that brings atmospheric air from 30Cto10C ,...Problem 4.41P:
A boiler section boils 3kg/s saturated liquid water at 2000 kPa to saturated vapor in a reversible...Problem 4.42P:
A superheater takes 3kg/s saturated water vapor in and heats it at 2000kPato350C . Find the specific...Problem 4.43P:
Carbon dioxide enters a steady-state, steady-flow heater at 300kPa,300K and exits at 275kPa,1500K ....Problem 4.44P:
Find the heat transfer in Problem 4.13.Problem 4.45P:
A chiller cools liquid water for air-conditioning purposes. Assume that 2.5kg/s water at 20C,l00kPa...Problem 4.46P:
Saturated liquid nitrogen at 600 kPa enters a boiler at a rate of 0.008kg/s and exits as saturated...Problem 4.48P:
Liquid nitrogen at 90K,400kPa flows into a probe used in a cryogenic surgery. In the return line the...Problem 4.49P:
Liquid glycol flows around an engine, cooling it as it absorbs energy. The glycol enters the engine...Problem 4.50P:
An irrigation pump takes water from a river at 10C,100kPa and pumps it up to an open canal, where it...Problem 4.51P:
A pipe from one building to another flows water at 10°C from one building to another. In the winter...Problem 4.52P:
A river flowing at 0.5m/s across a 1-m-high and 10-m-wide area has a clam that creates an elevation...Problem 4.53P:
A cutting tool uses a nozzle that generates a high-speed jet of liquid water. Assume an exit...Problem 4.54P:
An adiabatic steam turbine in a power plant receives 5kg/s steam at 3000kPa,500C . Twenty percent of...Problem 4.56P:
A steam turbine receives steam from two boilers (see Fig. P4.56). One flow is 5kgsat3MPa,700C and...Problem 4.59P:
A condenser (heat exchanger) brings 1kg/s water flow at 10 kPa quality 95 to saturated liquid at 10...Problem 4.60P:
Steam at 500kPa,300C is used to heat cold water at 15°C to 75°C for a domestic hot water supply. How...Problem 4.61P:
A dual-fluid heat exchanger has 5kg/s water entering at 40C,150kPa and leaving at 10C,150kPa . The...Problem 4.62P:
An energy recovery heat exchanger, shown in Fig. P4.62, is used to heat water flow at...Problem 4.64P:
In a co-flowing (same-direction) heat exchanger, 1kg/s air at 500 K flows into one channel and 2kg/s...Problem 4.65P:
An a water counter flowing heat exchanger has one line with 2kg/s at 125kPa,1000K entering, and the...Problem 4.66P:
An automotive radiator has glycol at 95°C enter and return at 55°C as shown in Fig P4.66. Air flows...Problem 4.68P:
Two air flows are combined to a single flow. One flow is 1m3/sat20C and the other is 2m3/s at 200°C,...Problem 4.69P:
An open feedwater heater in a power plant heats 4kg/s water at 45C,l00kPa by mixing it with steam...Problem 4.70P:
A de-superheater has a flow of ammonia of 1.5kg/s at 1000kPa,100C that is mixed with another flow of...Problem 4.71P:
A mixing chamber with heat transfer receives 2kg/s of R410A , at 1MPa40C in one line and 1kg/s of...Problem 4.72P:
A geothermal supply of hot water at 500kPa,150C is fed to an insulated flash evaporator at the rate...Problem 4.73P:
A flow of 5kg/s water at l00kPa,20C should be delivered as steam at 1000kPa,350C to some...Problem 4.74P:
A two-stage compressor takes nitrogen ri at 20C,150kPa and compresses it to 600kPa,450K . Then it...Problem 4.75P:
The intercooler in the previous problem uses cold liquid water to cool the nitrogen. The nitrogen...Problem 4.77P:
A modern jet engine has a temperature after combustions of about 1500K at 3200kPa as it enters the...Problem 4.78P:
A proposal is made to use a geothermal supply of hot water to operate a steam turbine, as shown in...Problem 4.80P:
An initially empty canister of volume 0.2m3 is filled with carbon dioxide from a line at 800kPa,400K...Problem 4.81P:
Repeat the previous problem but use the line condition at 800kPa,20C and Table B.3 to solve it.Problem 4.82P:
A tank contains 1m3 air at 100kPa,300K . A pipe flowing at 1000kPa,300K is connected to the tank and...Problem 4.83P:
A 2.5L tank initially is empty, and we want to fill it with l0 g of ammonia. The ammonia comes from...Problem 4.84P:
An insulated 2m3 tank is to be charged with R-134a from a line flowing the refrigerant at 3MPa,90C ....Problem 4.86P:
A 3m3 ? cryogenic storage tank contains nitrogen at 120 K, with quality 20 . Saturated vapor is now...Problem 4.87P:
A nitrogen line at 300K,0.5MPa , shown in Fig. P4.87, is connected to a turbine that exhausts to a...Problem 4.89P:
A 200L tank (see Fig. P4.89) initially contains water at 100 kPa and a quality of 1 . Heat is...Problem 4.90P:
A 1-L can of R-410A is at room temperature, 20°C, with a quality of 50°C. A leak in the top valve...Problem 4.91P:
Steam at 3MPa,400C enters a turbine with a volume-flow rate of 5m3/s . An extraction of 15% of the...Problem 4.92P:
In a glass factory a 2m -wide sheet of glass at 1500 K comes out of the final rollers, which fix the...Problem 4.93P:
Assume a setup similar to that of the previous problem, but with the air flowing in the opposite...Problem 4.94P:
Three a flows, all at 200 kPa, e connected to the same exit duct and mix thought external heat...Problem 4.95P:
A 1m3,40kg rigid steel tank contains air at 500 kPa, and both tank and air are at 20°C. The tank is...Problem 4.96P:
An insulated spring-loaded piston/cylinder device, shown in Fig. P4.96, is connected to an air line...Problem 4.97P:
A piston/cyl. setup like Fig. 4.96 is such that at V=0 the spring is relaxed and at V=100cm3 the...Problem 4.98P:
A mass-loaded piston/cylinder shown in Fig. P4.98, containing : is at 300kPa,17C with a volume of...Problem 4.99P:
A flow of 2kg/s of water at 500kPa,20C is heated in a constant-pressure process to 1900 K Find the...Problem 4.100EP:
Refrigerant R-410A at l00psia,60F flows at 0.1lbm/s in a 2.5ft2 cross-sectional area pipe. Find the...Problem 4.101EP:
A pool is to be filled with 2500ft3 water from a garden hose of 1 in. diameter flowing water at...Problem 4.102EP:
Liquid water at 60 F flows out of a nozzle straight up 40 ft. What is the nozzle Vexit and the...Problem 4.105EP:
Nitrogen gas flows into a convergent nozzle at 30Ibf/in.2,600R and very low velocity. It flows out...Problem 4.106EP:
A meteorite hits the upper atmosphere at 10000ft/s where the pressure is 0.1 atm and temperature 40F...Problem 4.107EP:
Refrigerant R-410A flows out of a cooler at 70F,220psia , after which it is throttled to 77 psia....Problem 4.108EP:
Saturated vapor R-410A at 75 psia is throttled to 15 psia. What is the exit temperature7 Repeat the...Problem 4.109EP:
A wind turbine can exact at most a fraction 16/27 of the wind kinetic energy. With a rotor diameter...Problem 4.110EP:
A liquid water turbine receives 4Ibm/s water at 300psia,77F with a velocity of 50ft/s . The exit is...Problem 4.112EP:
What is the specific work one can get from Hoover Darn now that the water level is down to 480 ft...Problem 4.113EP:
A small-speed turbine operating on compressed air produces a power output of 0.1 hp The inlet state...Problem 4.114EP:
R.410A in a commercial refigerator flows into the compressor l0F and x=1 . The exits at 400psia,180F...Problem 4.115EP:
An exhaust fan in a building should be able to move 6Ibm/s of air at 14.4psia,68F through a...Problem 4.116EP:
Carbon dioxide gas enters a steady-state, steady-flow heater at 45Ibf/in2,60F and exits at...Problem 4.118EP:
Liquid glycol flows around an engine, cooling t as it absorbs energy. The glycol enters the engine...Problem 4.121EP:
Do the previous problem if the water is just heated to the boiling point at 60 psia.Problem 4.122EP:
A dual-fluid heat exchanger has l0Ibm/s water entering at l00F,20psia and leaving at 50F,20psia ....Problem 4.123EP:
Steam at 80psia,600F is used to heat cold water at 60 F to 170 F for a domestic hot water supply....Problem 4.125EP:
Two flows of air are both at 30 psia one has 1Ibm/s at 720 R and the other has 2Ibm/s at 520 R. The...Problem 4.126EP:
A de-superheater has a flow of ammonia of 3Ibm/s at 150psia,200F that is mixed with another flow of...Problem 4.127EP:
A two-stage compressor takes nitrogen n at 80F,20psia and compresses it to 80psia,800R . Then it...Problem 4.128EP:
The intercooler in the previous problem uses cold liquid water to cool the nitrogen. The nitrogen...Problem 4.131EP:
A tank contains l0ft3 of air at 15psia,540R . A pipe of flowing air at l50psia,540R is connected to...Browse All Chapters of This Textbook
Chapter 1 - Introduction And PreliminariesChapter 2 - Properties Of A Pure SubstanceChapter 3 - Energy Equation And First Law Of ThermodynamicsChapter 4 - Energy Analysis For A Control VolumeChapter 5 - The Second Law Of ThermodynamicsChapter 6 - EntropyChapter 7 - Entropy Analysis For A Control VolumeChapter 9 - Power And Refrigiration Systems-with Phase Change
Book Details
The field's leading textbook for more than three decades, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics offers a comprehensive introduction to essential principles and applications in the context of engineering. Now in its Tenth Edition, this book retains its characteristic rigor and systematic approach to thermodynamics with enhanced pedagogical features that aid in student comprehension. Detailed appendices provide instant reference; chapter summaries review terminology, equations, and key concepts; and updated data and graphics increase student engagement while enhancing understanding.
Covering classical thermodynamics with a focus on practical applications, this book provides a basic foundational skillset applicable across a variety of engineering fields. Worked examples demonstrate the appropriate use of new formulas, while clarifying the proper approach to generalized problems of a relevant nature. Going beyond the usual guidance in the basics of the field, this book is designed as comprehensive preparation for more advanced study in students' engineering field of choice.
Covering classical thermodynamics with a focus on practical applications, this book provides a basic foundational skillset applicable across a variety of engineering fields. Worked examples demonstrate the appropriate use of new formulas, while clarifying the proper approach to generalized problems of a relevant nature. Going beyond the usual guidance in the basics of the field, this book is designed as comprehensive preparation for more advanced study in students' engineering field of choice.
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