Fundamentals Of Thermodynamics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781119494966
Author: Borgnakke, C. (claus), Sonntag, Richard Edwin, Author.
Publisher: Wiley,
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.67P
To determine
The temperature of copper at exit.
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Q6. A 500 W heater is used to melt 5 kg of solid ice at -30°C to gas at +130°C at a constant
pressure of 100 kPa.
(a) Show the process on the p-T-v, p-v and T-v diagrams
(b) Find the change in the total volume of the water
(c) Find the energy the heater must provide to the water
(d) Find the time the process will take assuming uniform T in the water
An elastic balloon behaves such that pressure is proportional to diameter and the balloon contains 0.5 kg air at 200 kPa and 300 The balloon is momentarily connected to an air line at 500 kPa and 1000C. Air is let in until the volume doubles, during which process there is a heat transfer of 50 kJ out of the balloon. Find the final temperature and the mass of air that enters the balloon.
After that the air line is disconnected from the balloon and the air is allowed to escape through an opening until the same initial pressure and temperature. For this process, the balloon behaves such that pressure is proportional to squire of diameter. Determine the final mass in the balloon and heat transfer during this process.
A Steam line at 0,7 MPa and 400°C is attached to a tank that
initially Contains
valve Connechng the steam hne and tank is opened until the
tank pressure becomes o.7 MPa, and then the valve is closed.
Dunng the process, there is a heat transfer from the tank to the
Surroundirigs at 300 °K, which amounts to 1000 kJ per each
Kilogram of mass that the tank has at the end of the process.
Calculate he final Specific entropy in the tank in kJlkg k)
using 5 signifigant figires.
very
little water (assume zero initial mass). The
Steam Line
Tank
Chapter 4 Solutions
Fundamentals Of Thermodynamics
Ch. 4 - A temperature difference drives a heat transfer...Ch. 4 - What is the effect can be felt upstream in a flow?Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.3PCh. 4 - Air at 500 kPa is expanded to l00 kPa in two...Ch. 4 - A windmill takes out a fraction of the wind...Ch. 4 - An underwater turbine extracts a fraction of the...Ch. 4 - A liquid water turbine at the bottom of a dam...Ch. 4 - You blow a balloon up with air. What kinds of work...Ch. 4 - Storage tanks of cryogenic liquids (O2,N2,CH4) are...Ch. 4 - A large brewery has a pipe of cross-sectional area...
Ch. 4 - A pool is to be filled with 60m3 water from a...Ch. 4 - Natural gas, CH4 , flowing in a 5cm -diameter pipe...Ch. 4 - A boiler receives a constant flow of 5000kg/h...Ch. 4 - A 0.6m -diameter household fan takes air in at...Ch. 4 - Liquid water at 15°C flows out of nozzle straight...Ch. 4 - A nozzle receives an ideal gas flow with a...Ch. 4 - In a jet engine a flow afar at 1000K,200kPa, and...Ch. 4 - The wind is blowing horizontally at 30m/s in a...Ch. 4 - A meteorite hits the upper atmosphere at 3000m/s ,...Ch. 4 - Carbon dioxide is throttled from 20C,2000kPa to...Ch. 4 - Saturated liquid R-410A at 25°C is throttled to...Ch. 4 - Carbon dioxide used as a natural refrigerant flows...Ch. 4 - Liquid water at 180C,2000kPa is throttled into a...Ch. 4 - Methane at 1MPa,250K is throttled through a valve...Ch. 4 - A steam turbine has an n1et of 3kg/s water at 1200...Ch. 4 - Air at 20m/s,1500K,875kPa with 5kg/s flows into a...Ch. 4 - Solve the previous problem using Table A.7.Ch. 4 - A wind turbine can extract at most a fraction...Ch. 4 - A liquid water turbine receives 2kg/s water at...Ch. 4 - A small high-speed turbine operating on compressed...Ch. 4 - Hoover Dam across the Colorado River dams up Lake...Ch. 4 - What is the specific work one can get from Hoover...Ch. 4 - R-410A in a commercial refrigerator flows into the...Ch. 4 - A compressor brings nitrogen from 100kPa,290K to...Ch. 4 - A refrigerator uses the natural refrigerant carbon...Ch. 4 - A factory generates compressed air from l00kPa,17C...Ch. 4 - A compressor brings R-134a from...Ch. 4 - An exhaust fan in a building should be able to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.39PCh. 4 - The air conditioner in a house or a car has a...Ch. 4 - A boiler section boils 3kg/s saturated liquid...Ch. 4 - A superheater takes 3kg/s saturated water vapor in...Ch. 4 - Carbon dioxide enters a steady-state, steady-flow...Ch. 4 - Find the heat transfer in Problem 4.13.Ch. 4 - A chiller cools liquid water for air-conditioning...Ch. 4 - Saturated liquid nitrogen at 600 kPa enters a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.47PCh. 4 - Liquid nitrogen at 90K,400kPa flows into a probe...Ch. 4 - Liquid glycol flows around an engine, cooling it...Ch. 4 - An irrigation pump takes water from a river at...Ch. 4 - A pipe from one building to another flows water at...Ch. 4 - A river flowing at 0.5m/s across a 1-m-high and...Ch. 4 - A cutting tool uses a nozzle that generates a...Ch. 4 - An adiabatic steam turbine in a power plant...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.55PCh. 4 - A steam turbine receives steam from two boilers...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.57PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.58PCh. 4 - A condenser (heat exchanger) brings 1kg/s water...Ch. 4 - Steam at 500kPa,300C is used to heat cold water at...Ch. 4 - A dual-fluid heat exchanger has 5kg/s water...Ch. 4 - An energy recovery heat exchanger, shown in Fig....Ch. 4 - Do the previous problem if the water is heated to...Ch. 4 - In a co-flowing (same-direction) heat exchanger,...Ch. 4 - An a water counter flowing heat exchanger has one...Ch. 4 - An automotive radiator has glycol at 95°C enter...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.67PCh. 4 - Two air flows are combined to a single flow. One...Ch. 4 - An open feedwater heater in a power plant heats...Ch. 4 - A de-superheater has a flow of ammonia of 1.5kg/s...Ch. 4 - A mixing chamber with heat transfer receives 2kg/s...Ch. 4 - A geothermal supply of hot water at 500kPa,150C is...Ch. 4 - A flow of 5kg/s water at l00kPa,20C should be...Ch. 4 - A two-stage compressor takes nitrogen ri at...Ch. 4 - The intercooler in the previous problem uses cold...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.76PCh. 4 - A modern jet engine has a temperature after...Ch. 4 - A proposal is made to use a geothermal supply of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.79PCh. 4 - An initially empty canister of volume 0.2m3 is...Ch. 4 - Repeat the previous problem but use the line...Ch. 4 - A tank contains 1m3 air at 100kPa,300K . A pipe...Ch. 4 - A 2.5L tank initially is empty, and we want to...Ch. 4 - An insulated 2m3 tank is to be charged with R-134a...Ch. 4 - Repeat the previous problem if the valve is closed...Ch. 4 - A 3m3 ? cryogenic storage tank contains nitrogen...Ch. 4 - A nitrogen line at 300K,0.5MPa , shown in Fig....Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.88PCh. 4 - A 200L tank (see Fig. P4.89) initially contains...Ch. 4 - A 1-L can of R-410A is at room temperature, 20°C,...Ch. 4 - Steam at 3MPa,400C enters a turbine with a...Ch. 4 - In a glass factory a 2m -wide sheet of glass at...Ch. 4 - Assume a setup similar to that of the previous...Ch. 4 - Three a flows, all at 200 kPa, e connected to the...Ch. 4 - A 1m3,40kg rigid steel tank contains air at 500...Ch. 4 - An insulated spring-loaded piston/cylinder device,...Ch. 4 - A piston/cyl. setup like Fig. 4.96 is such that at...Ch. 4 - A mass-loaded piston/cylinder shown in Fig. P4.98,...Ch. 4 - A flow of 2kg/s of water at 500kPa,20C is heated...Ch. 4 - Refrigerant R-410A at l00psia,60F flows at...Ch. 4 - A pool is to be filled with 2500ft3 water from a...Ch. 4 - Liquid water at 60 F flows out of a nozzle...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.103EPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.104EPCh. 4 - Nitrogen gas flows into a convergent nozzle at...Ch. 4 - A meteorite hits the upper atmosphere at 10000ft/s...Ch. 4 - Refrigerant R-410A flows out of a cooler at...Ch. 4 - Saturated vapor R-410A at 75 psia is throttled to...Ch. 4 - A wind turbine can exact at most a fraction 16/27...Ch. 4 - A liquid water turbine receives 4Ibm/s water at...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.111EPCh. 4 - What is the specific work one can get from Hoover...Ch. 4 - A small-speed turbine operating on compressed air...Ch. 4 - R.410A in a commercial refigerator flows into the...Ch. 4 - An exhaust fan in a building should be able to...Ch. 4 - Carbon dioxide gas enters a steady-state,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.117EPCh. 4 - Liquid glycol flows around an engine, cooling t as...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.119EPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.120EPCh. 4 - Do the previous problem if the water is just...Ch. 4 - A dual-fluid heat exchanger has l0Ibm/s water...Ch. 4 - Steam at 80psia,600F is used to heat cold water at...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.124EPCh. 4 - Two flows of air are both at 30 psia one has...Ch. 4 - A de-superheater has a flow of ammonia of 3Ibm/s...Ch. 4 - A two-stage compressor takes nitrogen n at...Ch. 4 - The intercooler in the previous problem uses cold...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.129EPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.130EPCh. 4 - A tank contains l0ft3 of air at 15psia,540R . A...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.132EPCh. 4 - In a glass factory a 6 ft-wide sheet of glass at...Ch. 4 - A mass-loaded piston/cylinder containing air is at...
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- 1 kg of steam at initial conditions of 5.1 MPa and 370 °C expands in a turbine until it becomes saturated. It is withdrawn and reheated to 340°C. After further expansion in the turbine to 160 , part of the steam is extracted for feedwater heating. The remaining steam expands to the condenser pressure of 0.018 MPa. For 1kg of steam, find Wnet, Ec, Ee and the ideal steam rate. Remember:1. For values taken from the steam tables: Use them as is, do not round off.2. For values obtained by interpolation and final answers obtained by solving, use FOUR (4) decimal places.PLEASE USE THE STEAM TABLE PROVIDED: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1crebk95lXFEAR5d6Y6LymXJNraO9WLgtNjquSlVOvVs/editarrow_forwardAt the beginning, there is air in the insulated piston cylinder device with a volume of 20L at 25 degrees Celsius 250 kPa Conditions Then, by operating the heater with 220 V and 10A value for 2 minutes, the temperature of the air increases. Using the average specific heat assumption, find the temperature and the boundary work (kJ) in the final case. Air will be considered the ideal gas.arrow_forward(a) An elastic balloon behaves such that pressure is proportional to diameter and the balloon contains 0.5 kg air at 200 kPa and 30°C. The balloon is momentarily connected to an air line at 500 kPa and 100°C. Air is let in until the volume doubles, during which process there is a heat transfer of 50 kJ out of the balloon. Find the final temperature and the mass of air that enters the balloon.arrow_forward
- Find the heat energy(flow) in ‘Joules’ required to prepare a coffee in an electric kettle with 0.5 litre (1litre = 10-3 m3) of water which is heated from 30oC to 85oC? Take density of water as 1000 kg /m3 and Specific heat of water as 4.187 kJ/kg o K.arrow_forwardSteam at 5.1 MPa and 370°C enters a turbine and expands until it becomes saturated. The steam is withdrawn and reheated to 340°C. After expansion in the turbine to 160 ℃, m1 kg is extracted for feedwater heating. The remaining steam expands to the condenser pressure of 0.018 MPa For 1 kg of steam, find W_net , e_c , e_e and the ideal steam rate.arrow_forwardA boiler takes in water at 200 degrees Celsius and 13 MPa (1) and another water at 1.0 MPa (2), and it produces 600 degrees Celsius of steam at 13 MPa. Determine the rate of heat added to this boiler if no heat loss was made in (2).arrow_forward
- Find the mass of water that can be cooled from 26°C to-10°C from a 20 tons refrigeration system for 14 hrs.arrow_forwardA piston with water vapor at a pressure of 300 kPa and a temperature of 175 oC. 20 kg of fluid is compressed up to 950 kPa pressure in the cylinder arrangement. Piston cylinder device to a heat well at 80 oC in order to keep the temperature of the water in it constant. The heat generated during compression is discarded. a) What phase is the water in the first case? In the last case, what phase is the water in? b) Find the entropy change in water by the process. c) From the cylinder, assuming that the process is a reversible process at constant temperature. Calculate the amount of heat absorbed. d) Find the entropy change of the heat well. e) Consider the total entropy change including the piston-cylinder mechanism and the heat indicate whether the transaction is reversible or irreversible when received. f) T (° C) -s (kJ / kgK) and P (Pa) - by specifying the state change saturation curves and values Show in (m³ / kg) diagrams.arrow_forwardPlease include all steps and assumptionsarrow_forward
- A closed constant volume system receives 10.5 kJ of paddle work. The system contains oxygen at 344 kPa, 278 K and 0.06 m3. Find the heat loss if the final temperature is 400 K.arrow_forwardA pressure cooker 6 ltrarrow_forwardA hot water boiler heats 2,800 lb/hr of water from 50oF to 220oF, at 40 psia. How much heat is added to water?arrow_forward
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