Fundamentals Of Thermodynamics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781119494966
Author: Borgnakke, C. (claus), Sonntag, Richard Edwin, Author.
Publisher: Wiley,
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.69P
An open feedwater heater in a power plant heats
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A steam turbine has an inlet of 2 kg/s water at 1000 kPa, 350 °C and velocity of 15 m/s. The exit is at 100 kPa, 150 °C and very low velocity (assume zero). Find the specific work (kJ/kg) and the power (kW) produced.
The turbine section in a jet engine receives gas (assume air) at 1200 K, 800 kPa with an ambient atmosphere at 80 kPa. The turbine is followed by a nozzle open to the atmosphere and all the turbine work drives a compressor receiving air at 85 kPa, 270 K with the same flow rate. Find the turbine exit pressure P₂ so the nozzle has an exit velocity of 800 m/s.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Fundamentals Of Thermodynamics
Ch. 4 - A temperature difference drives a heat transfer...Ch. 4 - What is the effect can be felt upstream in a flow?Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.3PCh. 4 - Air at 500 kPa is expanded to l00 kPa in two...Ch. 4 - A windmill takes out a fraction of the wind...Ch. 4 - An underwater turbine extracts a fraction of the...Ch. 4 - A liquid water turbine at the bottom of a dam...Ch. 4 - You blow a balloon up with air. What kinds of work...Ch. 4 - Storage tanks of cryogenic liquids (O2,N2,CH4) are...Ch. 4 - A large brewery has a pipe of cross-sectional area...
Ch. 4 - A pool is to be filled with 60m3 water from a...Ch. 4 - Natural gas, CH4 , flowing in a 5cm -diameter pipe...Ch. 4 - A boiler receives a constant flow of 5000kg/h...Ch. 4 - A 0.6m -diameter household fan takes air in at...Ch. 4 - Liquid water at 15°C flows out of nozzle straight...Ch. 4 - A nozzle receives an ideal gas flow with a...Ch. 4 - In a jet engine a flow afar at 1000K,200kPa, and...Ch. 4 - The wind is blowing horizontally at 30m/s in a...Ch. 4 - A meteorite hits the upper atmosphere at 3000m/s ,...Ch. 4 - Carbon dioxide is throttled from 20C,2000kPa to...Ch. 4 - Saturated liquid R-410A at 25°C is throttled to...Ch. 4 - Carbon dioxide used as a natural refrigerant flows...Ch. 4 - Liquid water at 180C,2000kPa is throttled into a...Ch. 4 - Methane at 1MPa,250K is throttled through a valve...Ch. 4 - A steam turbine has an n1et of 3kg/s water at 1200...Ch. 4 - Air at 20m/s,1500K,875kPa with 5kg/s flows into a...Ch. 4 - Solve the previous problem using Table A.7.Ch. 4 - A wind turbine can extract at most a fraction...Ch. 4 - A liquid water turbine receives 2kg/s water at...Ch. 4 - A small high-speed turbine operating on compressed...Ch. 4 - Hoover Dam across the Colorado River dams up Lake...Ch. 4 - What is the specific work one can get from Hoover...Ch. 4 - R-410A in a commercial refrigerator flows into the...Ch. 4 - A compressor brings nitrogen from 100kPa,290K to...Ch. 4 - A refrigerator uses the natural refrigerant carbon...Ch. 4 - A factory generates compressed air from l00kPa,17C...Ch. 4 - A compressor brings R-134a from...Ch. 4 - An exhaust fan in a building should be able to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.39PCh. 4 - The air conditioner in a house or a car has a...Ch. 4 - A boiler section boils 3kg/s saturated liquid...Ch. 4 - A superheater takes 3kg/s saturated water vapor in...Ch. 4 - Carbon dioxide enters a steady-state, steady-flow...Ch. 4 - Find the heat transfer in Problem 4.13.Ch. 4 - A chiller cools liquid water for air-conditioning...Ch. 4 - Saturated liquid nitrogen at 600 kPa enters a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.47PCh. 4 - Liquid nitrogen at 90K,400kPa flows into a probe...Ch. 4 - Liquid glycol flows around an engine, cooling it...Ch. 4 - An irrigation pump takes water from a river at...Ch. 4 - A pipe from one building to another flows water at...Ch. 4 - A river flowing at 0.5m/s across a 1-m-high and...Ch. 4 - A cutting tool uses a nozzle that generates a...Ch. 4 - An adiabatic steam turbine in a power plant...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.55PCh. 4 - A steam turbine receives steam from two boilers...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.57PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.58PCh. 4 - A condenser (heat exchanger) brings 1kg/s water...Ch. 4 - Steam at 500kPa,300C is used to heat cold water at...Ch. 4 - A dual-fluid heat exchanger has 5kg/s water...Ch. 4 - An energy recovery heat exchanger, shown in Fig....Ch. 4 - Do the previous problem if the water is heated to...Ch. 4 - In a co-flowing (same-direction) heat exchanger,...Ch. 4 - An a water counter flowing heat exchanger has one...Ch. 4 - An automotive radiator has glycol at 95°C enter...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.67PCh. 4 - Two air flows are combined to a single flow. One...Ch. 4 - An open feedwater heater in a power plant heats...Ch. 4 - A de-superheater has a flow of ammonia of 1.5kg/s...Ch. 4 - A mixing chamber with heat transfer receives 2kg/s...Ch. 4 - A geothermal supply of hot water at 500kPa,150C is...Ch. 4 - A flow of 5kg/s water at l00kPa,20C should be...Ch. 4 - A two-stage compressor takes nitrogen ri at...Ch. 4 - The intercooler in the previous problem uses cold...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.76PCh. 4 - A modern jet engine has a temperature after...Ch. 4 - A proposal is made to use a geothermal supply of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.79PCh. 4 - An initially empty canister of volume 0.2m3 is...Ch. 4 - Repeat the previous problem but use the line...Ch. 4 - A tank contains 1m3 air at 100kPa,300K . A pipe...Ch. 4 - A 2.5L tank initially is empty, and we want to...Ch. 4 - An insulated 2m3 tank is to be charged with R-134a...Ch. 4 - Repeat the previous problem if the valve is closed...Ch. 4 - A 3m3 ? cryogenic storage tank contains nitrogen...Ch. 4 - A nitrogen line at 300K,0.5MPa , shown in Fig....Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.88PCh. 4 - A 200L tank (see Fig. P4.89) initially contains...Ch. 4 - A 1-L can of R-410A is at room temperature, 20°C,...Ch. 4 - Steam at 3MPa,400C enters a turbine with a...Ch. 4 - In a glass factory a 2m -wide sheet of glass at...Ch. 4 - Assume a setup similar to that of the previous...Ch. 4 - Three a flows, all at 200 kPa, e connected to the...Ch. 4 - A 1m3,40kg rigid steel tank contains air at 500...Ch. 4 - An insulated spring-loaded piston/cylinder device,...Ch. 4 - A piston/cyl. setup like Fig. 4.96 is such that at...Ch. 4 - A mass-loaded piston/cylinder shown in Fig. P4.98,...Ch. 4 - A flow of 2kg/s of water at 500kPa,20C is heated...Ch. 4 - Refrigerant R-410A at l00psia,60F flows at...Ch. 4 - A pool is to be filled with 2500ft3 water from a...Ch. 4 - Liquid water at 60 F flows out of a nozzle...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.103EPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.104EPCh. 4 - Nitrogen gas flows into a convergent nozzle at...Ch. 4 - A meteorite hits the upper atmosphere at 10000ft/s...Ch. 4 - Refrigerant R-410A flows out of a cooler at...Ch. 4 - Saturated vapor R-410A at 75 psia is throttled to...Ch. 4 - A wind turbine can exact at most a fraction 16/27...Ch. 4 - A liquid water turbine receives 4Ibm/s water at...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.111EPCh. 4 - What is the specific work one can get from Hoover...Ch. 4 - A small-speed turbine operating on compressed air...Ch. 4 - R.410A in a commercial refigerator flows into the...Ch. 4 - An exhaust fan in a building should be able to...Ch. 4 - Carbon dioxide gas enters a steady-state,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.117EPCh. 4 - Liquid glycol flows around an engine, cooling t as...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.119EPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.120EPCh. 4 - Do the previous problem if the water is just...Ch. 4 - A dual-fluid heat exchanger has l0Ibm/s water...Ch. 4 - Steam at 80psia,600F is used to heat cold water at...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.124EPCh. 4 - Two flows of air are both at 30 psia one has...Ch. 4 - A de-superheater has a flow of ammonia of 3Ibm/s...Ch. 4 - A two-stage compressor takes nitrogen n at...Ch. 4 - The intercooler in the previous problem uses cold...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.129EPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.130EPCh. 4 - A tank contains l0ft3 of air at 15psia,540R . A...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.132EPCh. 4 - In a glass factory a 6 ft-wide sheet of glass at...Ch. 4 - A mass-loaded piston/cylinder containing air is at...
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- A condenser (heat exchanger) brings 1 kg/s water flow at 10 kPa quality 95% to saturated liquid at 10 kPa. The cooling is done by lake water at 20 degree Celsius that returns to the lake at 30 degree Celsius. For an insulated condenser, find the flow rate of cooling water.arrow_forwardSteam to a turbine at a mass flow rate of 1.4 kg/s, 700 kPa pressure and 400 °C enters the temperature. Steam at 100 kPa pressure and 1.4 m3/kg specific volume exits the turbine. Heat transfer from turbine to environment 50 kW, with turbine Since the boundary temperature between the environment is 70 °C, a) Find the power produced by the turbine, entropy produced in the turbine and isentropic efficiency of the turbine. Note: The changes in kinetic and potential energies will be neglected and T (K) = 273 + °C will be taken.arrow_forward(15%) A small expander (a turbine with heat transfer) has 0.05 kg/s helium entering at 1000 kPa, 550 K and leaving at 250 kPa, 300 K. The power output on the shaft measures 55 kW. Find the rate of heat transfer, neglecting kinetic energies.arrow_forward
- Steam enters a turbine at 3500 kPa, 500 C and velocity of 300 m/s and exit at 15 kPa and 25 C. Heat loss is 15 kw. The mass flow rate is 10 kg/s. Find the work output.arrow_forwardA factory generates compressed air from 100 kPa, 17°C by compression to 800 kPa, 500 K, after which it cools in a constant pressure cooler to 300 K, (see Fig. P4.36). Find the specific compressor work and the specific heat transfer in the cooler. 1 2 3 Compressor -w. Compressor section Cooler sectionarrow_forwardA complex flow system expands helium from 1500 K, 1000 kPa to 500 K, 100 kPa. In the process this produces 4595 kJ/kg of work. The process exchanges heat with a reservoir at TR. If the process is reversible, find the unknown reservoir temperature (K). You can work this with either Thermofluids or the equations... Your choice. If equations, Cp=5.19 kJ/kg-K, Cv=3.12 kJ/kg-K, R=2.08 kJ/kg-K. Helium 1500 K 1000 kPa TR q 500 K 100 kPa W=4595 kJ/kgarrow_forward
- 3. An adiabatic compressor takes argon from 100 kPa, 300 K to 2000 kPa. The compressor efficiency is 80%. (a) Find the outlet temperature (K) and the work (kJ/kg) (b) Find the entropy generation (kJ/kg-K)arrow_forward2. If 0.17 kg/s of air are compressed isothermally from Pi = 96 kPaa and V, = 0.13 m/s to p2 = 620 kPaa, find the work, the change of entropy, and heat for: a) a nonflow process, and b) a steady flow process with V1 = 15 m/s and V2 = 60 %3D %3D m/s.arrow_forwardSolve it correctly and fast please.arrow_forward
- Problem 4.01. A carnot refrigerator (carnot cycle heat pump in reverse) operating between Th and Te is used to cool and freeze a bottle of water, volume V, at a temperature To < Th to freezing temperature T (known density Pw, heat capacity cw). (a) Find the work required to cool and freeze the water. (b) Find the change in entropy in the heat baths, and use it to place a limit on the change in entropy of the water (without calculating the entropy change in the water). The C.O.P. of a carnot refrigerator: KR= Qc = W Te Th-Tearrow_forwardThe pressure and temperature entering the turbine is 1800kpaa and 380oC. The temperature leaving the turbine is 20kpa. The quality of steams entering the condenser is 90%. Find the turbine work in kJ/kg.arrow_forward4arrow_forward
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