Chemistry: Structure and Properties Cus...15th EditionNivaldo J. Tro Publisher: Pearson EducationISBN: 9781269935678
Chemistry: Structure and Properties Cus...
Solutions for Chemistry: Structure and Properties Custom Edition for Rutgers University General Chemistry
Problem 1SAQ:
Which reaction Is most likely to have a positive Ssys ? 3NO2(g)+H2O(l)2HNO3(l)+NO(g)...Problem 3SAQ:
Arrange the gases—F2, Ar, and CH3F—in order of increasing standard entropy ( S ) at 298 K. CH3FF2Ar...Problem 6SAQ:
For a certain reaction Hrxn=255kJ and Srxn=211J/K . Calculate Grxn at 55C . 6.95103kJ 11.9103kJ...Problem 8SAQ:
s8. Use standard free energies of formation to calculate Grxn for the balanced chemical equation:...Problem 10SAQ:
For the following reaction, Grxn=9.4kJ at 25 °C. Find Grxn , when PNO2=0.115 atm and PNO=9.7 atm at...Problem 4E:
Explain the difference between the spontaneity of a reaction (which depends on thermodynamics) and...Problem 5E:
What is the precise definition of entropy? What is the significance of entropy being a state...Problem 8E:
Based on its fundamental definition, explain why entropy is a measure of energy dispersion.Problem 9E:
State the second law of thermodynamics. How does the second law explain why heat travels from a...Problem 10E:
What happens to the entropy of a sample of matter when it changes state from a solid to a liquid?...Problem 12E:
Why is the standard entropy of a substance in the gas state greater than its standard entropy in the...Problem 13E:
How does the standard entropy of a substance depend on its molar mass? On its molecular complexity?Problem 14E:
How can you calculate the standard entropy change for a reaction from tables of standard entropies?Problem 15E:
Explain why water spontaneously freezes to form ice below 0 0C even though the entropy of the water...Problem 16E:
Why do exothermic processes tend to be spontaneous at low temperatures? Why does their tendency...Problem 19E:
Describe the three different methods to calculate G for a reaction. Which method would you choose to...Problem 20E:
Why is free energy “free”?Problem 21E:
Explain the difference between G and G .Problem 22E:
Why does water spilled on the floor evaporate even though G for the evaporation process is positive...Problem 23E:
How do you calculate the change ¡n free energy for a reaction under nonstandard conditions?Problem 24E:
How does the value of G for a reaction relate to the equilibrium constant for the reaction? What...Problem 29E:
Without doing any calculations, determine the sign of Ssys for each chemical reaction....Problem 32E:
What is the molar entropy of a pure crystal at 0 K? What is the significance of the answer to this...Problem 33E:
For each pair of substances, choose the one that you expect to have the higher standard molar...Problem 34E:
For each pair of substances, choose the one that you expect to have the higher standard molar...Problem 35E:
Rank each set of substances in order of increasing standard molar entropy (S°). Explain your...Problem 37E:
Use data from Appendix IIB to calculate Srxn for each of the reactions. In each case, try to...Problem 38E:
Use data from Appendix IIB to calculate Srxn for each of the reactions. In each case, try to...Problem 39E:
Find S for the formation of CH2Cl2(g) from its gaseous elements in their standard states....Problem 41E:
Without doing any calculations, determine the sign of Ssys for and Ssurr each chemical reaction. In...Problem 43E:
Calculate Ssurr at the indicated temperature for each reaction. Hrxn=385kJ;298K Hrxn=385kJ;77K...Problem 45E:
Given the values of Hrxn , Srxn and T, determine Suniv and predict whether each reaction is...Problem 49E:
Calculate the free energy change for the reaction at 25°C. Is the reaction spontaneous?...Problem 52E:
Predict the conditions (high temperature, low temperature, all temperatures, or no temperatures)...Problem 53E:
Methanol burns in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. Write a balanced equation for the...Problem 54E:
In photosynthesis, plants form glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. Write a...Problem 55E:
For each reaction, calculate Hrxn , Srxn and Grxn , and Grxn at 25°C and state whether the reaction...Problem 56E:
For each reaction calculate Hrxn , Srxn and Grxn at 25°C and state whether the reaction is...Problem 57E:
Use standard free energies of formation to calculate G at 25°C for each reaction in Problem 61How do...Problem 58E:
Use standard free energies of formation to calculate G at 25°C for each reaction in Problem 62How...Problem 59E:
Consider the reaction: 2NO(g)+O2(g)2NO2(g) Estimate G for this reaction at each temperature and...Problem 61E:
Determine G for the reaction: Fe2O3(s)+32O2(g)2Fe(s)+3CO2(g) Use the following reactions with known...Problem 63E:
Consider the sublimation of iodine at 25.0°C: I2(s)I2(g) Find Grxn at 25.0°C. Find Grxn at 25.0°C...Problem 64E:
Consider the evaporation of methanol at 25.0°C. CH3OH(l)CH3OH(g) Find Grxn at 25.0°C Find Grxn at...Problem 65E:
Consider the reaction: CH3OH(g)CO(g)+2H2(g) Calculate G for this reaction at 25°C under the...Problem 66E:
Consider the reaction: CO2(g)+CCl4(g)2COCl2(g) Calculate G for this reaction at 25°C under the...Problem 67E:
Use data from Appendix IIB to calculate the equilibrium constant at 25°C for each reaction. 2CO( g...Problem 73E:
Consider the reaction: H2(g)+I2(g)2HI(g) The following data show the equilibrium constant for this...Problem 74E:
Consider the reaction: 2N0(g) — O(g) 2N02(g) The following data show the equilibrium constant for...Problem 75E:
The change in enthalpy (Hrxn) for a reaction is 25.8 kJ/rnol. The equilibrium constant for the...Problem 79E:
Our atmosphere is composed primarily of nitrogen and oxygen, which coexist at 25 ?C without reacting...Problem 81E:
Ethene (C2H4) can be halogenated by the reaction: C2H4(g)+X2(g)C2H4X2(g) Where X2 can be Cl2, Br2,...Problem 82E:
H2 reacts with the halogens (X2) according to the reaction: H 2 ( g )+ X 2 ( g )2HX( g ) where X2...Problem 83E:
Consider this reaction occurring at 298 K: N2O(g)+NO2(g)3NO(g) Show that the reaction is not...Problem 84E:
Consider this reaction occurring at 298 K: BaCO3(s)BaO(s)+CO2(g) Show that the reaction is not...Problem 87E:
These reactions are important in catalytic converters in automobiles. Calculate G ° for each at 298...Problem 89E:
All the oxides of nitrogen have positive values of Gf at 298 K, but only one common oxide of...Problem 91E:
Consider the reaction X2(g)2X(g) . When a vessel initially containing 755 torr of X2 comes to...Problem 93E:
Indicate and explain the sign of Suniv for each process. 2H2(g)+O2(g)2H2O(l)at298K the electrolysis...Problem 94E:
The Haber process is very important for agriculture because it converts N2(g) from the atmosphere...Problem 95E:
A metal salt with the formula MCl2 crystallizes from water to form a solid with the composition...Problem 96E:
The solubility of AgCI(s) in water at 25°C is 1.33105mol/L , and its H of solution is 65.7 k/mol....Problem 97E:
Review the subsection in this chapter entitled Making a Nonspontaneous Process Spontaneous in...Problem 98E:
Calculate the entropy of each state and rank the states in order of increasing entropy.Problem 99E:
Suppose we redefine the standard state as P=2atm . Find the new standard Gf values of each...Problem 100E:
The G for the freezing of H2O(l) at 10°C is 210 J/mol, and the heat of fusion of ice at this...Problem 101E:
Consider the reaction that occurs during the Haber process: N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) The equilibrium...Problem 102E:
The salt ammonium nitrate can follow three modes of decomposition: (a) to HNO3(g) and NH3(g), (b) to...Problem 103E:
Given the tabulated data, calculate Svap for each of the first four liquids. ( Svap=Hvap/T , where T...Browse All Chapters of This Textbook
Chapter 1 - AtomsChapter 2 - Measurement, Problem Solving And The Mole ConceptChapter 3 - The Quantum-Mechanical Model Of The AtomChapter 4 - Periodic Properties Of The ElementsChapter 5 - Molecules And CompoundsChapter 6 - Chemical Bonding I: Drawing Lewis Structures And Determining Molecular ShapesChapter 7 - Chemical Bonding II: Valence Bond Theory And Molecualr Orbital TheoryChapter 8 - Chemical Reactions And Chemical QuantitiesChapter 9 - Introduction To Solutions And Aqueous ReactionsChapter 10 - Thermochemistry
Chapter 11 - GasesChapter 12 - Liquids, Solids, And Intermolecular ForcesChapter 13 - Phase Diagram And Crystalline SolidsChapter 14 - SolutionsChapter 15 - Chemical KineticsChapter 16 - Chemical EquilibriumChapter 17 - Acids And BasesChapter 18 - Aqueous Ionic EquilibriumChapter 19 - Free Energy And ThermodynamicsChapter 20 - ElectrochemistryChapter 21 - Radioactivity And Nuclear ChemistryChapter 22 - Organic ChemistryChapter 23 - Transition Metals And Coordination CompoundsChapter A1 - The Units Of MeasurementChapter A2 - Significant Figure Guidliness
Sample Solutions for this Textbook
We offer sample solutions for Chemistry: Structure and Properties Custom Edition for Rutgers University General Chemistry homework problems. See examples below:
Chapter 1, Problem 1SAQUsing the given values and formulae (A) Since, 1 L=1000 mL 0.921 gmL=mass×1 L1.75 L×1000 mLmass =...Chapter 3, Problem 1SAQChapter 4, Problem 1SAQChapter 5, Problem 1SAQChapter 6, Problem 1SAQChapter 7, Problem 1SAQChapter 8, Problem 1SAQReason for the correct statement: Option (d): Molarity=weight of MgCl2mass weight of MgCl2 ×1V(...
Chapter 10, Problem 1SAQReason for correct option: According to Boyle’s law P1V1 = P2V2 Here the initial pressure (P1) is...Reasons for the correct statement: Option (a): Gas: In this state of matter, the intermolecular...Chapter 13, Problem 1SAQChapter 14, Problem 1SAQChapter 15, Problem 1SAQChapter 16, Problem 1SAQChapter 17, Problem 1SAQChapter 18, Problem 1SAQChapter 19, Problem 1SAQChapter 20, Problem 1SAQTherefore, options (a) are correct Reasons for the correct statement:Option (a):...Reason for correct answer: Hence, the ability of carbon to form covalent bonds, double, triple and...Chapter 23, Problem 1SAQChapter A1, Problem 1EChapter A2, Problem 1E
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