Chapter 19, Problem 3E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A non spontaneous process should be explained with an example.

Concept introduction:

As per second law of thermodynamics:

• A process is called spontaneous when the entropy of the process increases so that ∆S is positive. The spontaneous processes takes place by own or by some initiation but they do not need any external force. For example fall of water from top level to bottom is spontaneous process.

• A process is called non-spontaneous when the entropy of the process decreases so that ∆S is negative. Such processes need external force like heat or pressure to take place. They can neither occur by self or by initiation.

For example; endothermic reactions are always non-spontaneous.

Given: