Chemistry: Structure and Properties Plu...1st EditionNivaldo J. Tro Publisher: PEARSONISBN: 9780321729736
Chemistry: Structure and Properties Plu...
Solutions for Chemistry: Structure and Properties Plus MasteringChemistry with eText -- Access Card Package
Problem 1SAQ:
Which statement is true about matter? a) Matter is particulate—it is composed of particles. b) The...Problem 2SAQ:
A chemist mixes sodium with water and witnesses a violent reaction between the two substances. This...Problem 3SAQ:
Two samples of a compound containing elements A and B are decomposed. The first sample produces 15 g...Problem 4SAQ:
A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen has a carbon-to-hydrogen mass ratio of 11.89. Which...Problem 5SAQ:
Which concept was demostrated by Rutherford’s gold foil experiment? Atoms contain protons and...Problem 6SAQ:
A student re-creates Millikan’s oil drop experiment and tabulates the relative charges of the oil...Problem 8SAQ:
An isotope of an element contains 82 protons and 122 neutrons. What is the symbol for the isotope?...Problem 9SAQ:
How many electrons are in the Cr3+ ion? 24 electrons 3 electrons 21 electrons 27 electronsProblem 10SAQ:
A naturally occurring sample of an element contains only two isotopes. The first isotope has a mass...Problem 11SAQ:
Copper has an atomic mass of 63.55 amu and two naturally occurring isotopes with masses 62.94 amu...Problem 1E:
Explain this statement in your own words and give an example. The properties of the substances...Problem 2E:
Explain the main goal of chemistry.Problem 3E:
What are two different ways to classify matter?Problem 4E:
How do solids, liquids, and gases differ?Problem 5E:
Explain the difference between a pure substance and a mixture based on the composite particles of...Problem 8E:
Describe the scientific approach to knowledge. How does it differ from other approaches?Problem 11E:
What theory did John Dalton formulate?Problem 12E:
What is wrong with the expression, “That is just a theory,” if by theory the speaker is referring to...Problem 13E:
Summarize the history of the atomic idea. How was Dalton able to convince others to accept an idea...Problem 15E:
State and explain the law of definite proportions.Problem 16E:
State and explain the law of multiple proportions. How is the law of multiple proportions different...Problem 17E:
What are the main ideas in Dalton’s atomic theory? How do they help explain the laws of conservation...Problem 18E:
How and by whom was the electron discovered? What basic properties of the electron were reported...Problem 19E:
Explain Millikan’s oil drop experiment and how it led to the measurement of the electron’s charge....Problem 21E:
Describe Rutherford’s gold foil experiment. How did the experiment prove that the plum pudding model...Problem 22E:
Describe Rutherford’s nuclear model of the atom. What was revolutionary about his model?Problem 23E:
If matter is mostly empty space, as suggested by Rutherford, then why does it appear so solid?Problem 24E:
List the three subatomic particles that compose atoms and give the basic properties (mass and...Problem 25E:
What defines an element?Problem 27E:
Where do elements get their names?Problem 29E:
Describe the two different notations used to specify isotopes and give an example of each.Problem 32E:
Explain how a mass spectrometer works. What kind of information can be determined from a mass...Problem 33E:
Each shape represents a type of particle (such as an atom or a molecule). Classify each image as a...Problem 34E:
Using triangles to represent one type of atom and circles to represent another type of atom, draw...Problem 35E:
Classify each substance as a pure substance or a mixture. If it is a pure substance, classify it as...Problem 36E:
Classify each substance as a pure substance or a mixture. If it is a pure substance, classify it as...Problem 38E:
Complete the table. Substance Pure or mixture Type water pure compound coffee ________ ________ ice...Problem 39E:
Determine whether each molecular diagram represents a pure substance or a mixture. If it represents...Problem 40E:
Determine whether each molecular diagram represents a pure substance or a mixture. If it represents...Problem 41E:
Classify each statement as an observation, a law, or a theory. All matter is made of tiny,...Problem 42E:
Classify each statement as an observation, a law, or a theory. Chlorine is a highly reactive gas. If...Problem 43E:
A chemist decomposes several samples of carbon monoxide into carbon and oxygen and weighs the...Problem 44E:
When astronomers observe distant galaxies, they can tell that most of them are moving away from one...Problem 46E:
An automobile gasoline tank holds 21 kg of gasoline. When the gasoline burns, 84 kg of oxygen is...Problem 47E:
Two samples of carbon tetrachloride are decomposed into their constituent elements. One sample...Problem 48E:
Two samples of sodium chloride are decomposed into their constituent elements. One sample produces...Problem 49E:
The mass ratio of sodium to fluorine in sodium fluoride is 1.21:1. A sample of sodium fluoride...Problem 50E:
Upon decomposition, one sample of magnesium fluoride produces 1.65 kg of magnesium and 2.57 kg of...Problem 51E:
Two different compounds containing osmium and oxygen have the following masses of oxygen per gram of...Problem 52E:
Palladium forms three different compounds with sulfur. The mass of sulfur per gram of palladium in...Problem 54E:
Sulfur and fluorine form several different compounds including sulfur hexafluoride and sulfur...Problem 55E:
Which statements are consistent with Dalton’s atomic theory as it was originally stated? Why? Sulfur...Problem 56E:
Which statements are inconsistent with Dalton’s atomic theory as it was originally stated? Why? All...Problem 57E:
Which statements are consistent with Rutherford’s nuclear theory as it was originally stated? Why?...Problem 58E:
Which statements are inconsistent with Rutherford’s nuclear theory as it was originally stated? Why?...Problem 59E:
A chemist in an imaginary universe, where electrons have a different charge than they do in our...Problem 60E:
Imagine a unit of charge called the zorg. A chemist performs the Millikan oil drop experiment and...Problem 61E:
Which statements about subatomic particles are true? If an atom has an equal number of protons and...Problem 62E:
Which statements about subatomic particles are false? Protons and electrons have charges of the same...Problem 63E:
Write isotopic symbols in the form XA (e g., C-13) for each isotope. the silver isotope with 60...Problem 64E:
Write isotopic symbols in the form ZAX for each isotope. the copper isotope with 34 neutrons the...Problem 65E:
Determine the number of protons and the number of neutrons in each isotope. 714N 1123Na 86222Rn...Problem 66E:
Determine the number of protons and the number of neutrons in each isotope. 1940K 88226Ra 4399Tc...Problem 67E:
The amount of carbon-14 in ancient artifacts and fossils is often used to establish their age....Problem 68E:
Uranium-235 is used in nuclear fission. Determine the number of protons and the number of neutrons...Problem 69E:
Determine the number of protons and the number of electrons in each ion. Ni2+ S2 Br Cr3+Problem 70E:
Determine the number of protons and the number of electrons in each ion. Al3+ Se2 Ga3+ Sr2+Problem 71E:
Gallium has two naturally occurring isotopes with the following masses and natural abundances:...Problem 72E:
Magnesium has three naturally occurring isotopes with the following masses and natural abundances:...Problem 73E:
The atomic mass of fluorine is 18.998 amu, and its mass spectrum shows a large peak at this mass....Problem 74E:
The atomic mass of copper is 63.546 amu. Do any copper isotopes have a mass of 63.546 amu? Explain.Problem 75E:
An element has two naturally occurring isotopes. Isotope 1 has a mass of 120.9038 amu and a relative...Problem 76E:
An element has four naturally occuring isotopes with the masses and natural abundances given here....Problem 77E:
Bromine has two naturally occurring isotopes (Br-79 and Br-81) and an atomic mass of 79.904 amu. The...Problem 78E:
Silicon has three naturally occurring isotopes (Si-28, Si-29, and Si-30). The mass and natural...Problem 81E:
A 7.83-g sample of HCN contains 0.290 g of H and 4.06 g of N. Find the mass of carbon in a sample of...Problem 82E:
The ratio of sulfur to oxygen by mass in SO2 is 1.0:1.0. Find the ratio of sulfur to oxygen by mass...Problem 83E:
Use the mass spectrum of lead shown here to estimate the atomic mass of lead. Estimate the mass and...Problem 84E:
Use the mass spectrum of mercury shown here to estimate the atomic mass of mercury. Estimate the...Problem 85E:
Nuclei with the same number of neutrons but different mass numbers are called isotones. Write the...Problem 86E:
Fill in the blanks to complete the table. Symbol z A Number of p+ Number of e_ Number of n Charge Si...Problem 87E:
Silver is composed of two naturally occurring isotopes: Ag-107 (51.839%) and Ag-109. The ratio of...Problem 88E:
To the right is a representation of 50 atoms of a fictitious element called westmontium (Wt). The...Problem 89E:
The ratio of oxygen to nitrogen by mass in NO2 is 2.29. The ratio of fluorine to nitrogen by mass in...Problem 90E:
Naturally occurring cobalt consists of only one isotope, 59Co, whose relative atomic mass is...Problem 91E:
A 7.36-g sample of copper is contaminated with an additional 0.51 g of zinc. Suppose an atomic mass...Problem 92E:
The ratio of the mass of O to the mass of N in N2O3 is 12:7. Another binary compound of nitrogen has...Problem 93E:
Naturally occurring magnesium has an atomic mass of 24.312 and consists of three isotopes. The major...Problem 94E:
A volatile liquid (one that readily evaporates) is put into a jar, and the jar is then sealed. Does...Problem 95E:
The diagram to the right represents solid carbon dioxide, also known as dry ice. Which of the...Browse All Chapters of This Textbook
Chapter 1 - AtomsChapter 2 - Measurement, Problem Solving And The Mole ConceptChapter 3 - The Quantum-Mechanical Model Of The AtomChapter 4 - Periodic Properties Of The ElementsChapter 5 - Molecules And CompoundsChapter 6 - Chemical Bonding I: Drawing Lewis Structures And Determining Molecular ShapesChapter 7 - Chemical Bonding II: Valence Bond Theory And Molecualr Orbital TheoryChapter 8 - Chemical Reactions And Chemical QuantitiesChapter 9 - Introduction To Solutions And Aqueous ReactionsChapter 10 - Thermochemistry
Chapter 11 - GasesChapter 12 - Liquids, Solids, And Intermolecular ForcesChapter 13 - Phase Diagram And Crystalline SolidsChapter 14 - SolutionsChapter 15 - Chemical KineticsChapter 16 - Chemical EquilibriumChapter 17 - Acids And BasesChapter 18 - Aqueous Ionic EquilibriumChapter 19 - Free Energy And ThermodynamicsChapter 20 - ElectrochemistryChapter 21 - Radioactivity And Nuclear ChemistryChapter 22 - Organic ChemistryChapter 23 - Transition Metals And Coordination CompoundsChapter A1 - The Units Of MeasurementChapter A2 - Significant Figure Guidliness
Book Details
Bestselling author Niva Tro has always believed "the behavior of matter is determined by the properties of molecules and atoms" to be the most important discovery in scientific knowledge. This idea is the entire organizing factor for his seminal new text-Chemistry: Structure and Properties. Dr. Tro emphasizes the relationship between structure and properties, establishes a unique atoms-first approach to teaching chemistry by presenting atomic and bonding theories early in the text, and stresses key themes throughout.
Sample Solutions for this Textbook
We offer sample solutions for Chemistry: Structure and Properties Plus MasteringChemistry with eText -- Access Card Package homework problems. See examples below:
Chapter 1, Problem 1SAQUsing the given values and formulae (A) Since, 1 L=1000 mL 0.921 gmL=mass×1 L1.75 L×1000 mLmass =...Chapter 3, Problem 1SAQChapter 4, Problem 1SAQChapter 5, Problem 1SAQChapter 6, Problem 1SAQChapter 7, Problem 1SAQChapter 8, Problem 1SAQReason for the correct statement: Option (d): Molarity=weight of MgCl2mass weight of MgCl2 ×1V(...
Chapter 10, Problem 1SAQReason for correct option: According to Boyle’s law P1V1 = P2V2 Here the initial pressure (P1) is...Reasons for the correct statement: Option (a): Gas: In this state of matter, the intermolecular...Chapter 13, Problem 1SAQChapter 14, Problem 1SAQChapter 15, Problem 1SAQChapter 16, Problem 1SAQChapter 17, Problem 1SAQChapter 18, Problem 1SAQChapter 19, Problem 1SAQChapter 20, Problem 1SAQTherefore, options (a) are correct Reasons for the correct statement:Option (a):...Reason for correct answer: Hence, the ability of carbon to form covalent bonds, double, triple and...Chapter 23, Problem 1SAQChapter A1, Problem 1EChapter A2, Problem 1E
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