Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The organic product of each of the given reactions is to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
舧 Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.
舧 Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.
舧 Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.
舧 Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.
舧 Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.
舧 Reaction sequences involve conversion of one functional group to other, which may also require addition of carbon or loss of carbon from the reactant.
舧 These sequences involve a number of steps carried on by different reagents. Sometimes, different reagents give same products.
舧 The compound methyl magnesium bromide reacts with acetophenone and on subsequent acid treatment gives the product 2-phenylpropan-2-ol.
舧 The alkyl lithium reagents react with ketones and on subsequent work up yields the tertiary alcohols.
舧 The excess methyl magnesium bromide reacts with methyl benzoate and on subsequent acid treatment gives the product 2-phenylpropan-2-ol.
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Organic Chemistry
- Write the structure of the major organic product formed in the reaction of each of the following with hydrogen bromide in the absence of peroxides and in their presence. (a) 1-Pentene (b) 2-Methyl-2-butene (c) 1-Methylcyclohexenearrow_forwardSuggest the most appropriate method for each of the following laboratory syntheses.(a) cyclopentanol ¡ cyclopentanonearrow_forwardWhat will be the color of the flame and the amount of soot if the following are ignited:(a) Hexane (b)Heptane(c) Cyclohexane (d) Cyclohexene (e) Benzene (f) Toluenearrow_forward
- Draw the structures of the following compounds. (a) isobutyl bromidearrow_forward1. (a) Describe aromaticity, Kekule structure and resonance structure for benzene. (b) Why is benzene more stable than aliphatic alkenes?arrow_forwardProvide IUPAC names for the following compounds.(a) (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 (b) CH3¬C(CH3)2¬CH3arrow_forward
- Write the structure of the major organic product formed in the reaction of 1-pentene with each of the following: (a) Hydrogen chloride (b) Dilute sulfuric acid (c) Diborane in diglyme, followed by basic hydrogen peroxide (d) Bromine in carbon tetrachloride (e) Bromine in water (f) Peroxyacetic acid (g) Ozone (h) Product of part (g) treated with zinc and water (i) Product of part (g) treated with dimethyl sulfide (CH3)2Sarrow_forward6. Describe concisely a chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds. (a) n-pentanol and 3-methylpentan-3-ol (b) Ethanal dan pentanal (c) Phenol and benzoic acidarrow_forward(A) Which of the following ethers is the least soluble in water? (B) Which produces ethanol and methyl iodide after treatment with dilute HI?arrow_forward
- Write equations showing how to prepare each of the following from benzene or toluene and any necessary organic or inorganic reagents. If an ortho, para mixture is formed in any step of your synthesis, assume that you can separate the two isomers. (a) Isopropylbenzene (b) p-Isopropylbenzenesulfonic acid (c) 2-Bromo-2-phenylpropane (d) 4-tert-Butyl-2-nitrotoluene (e) m-Chloroacetophenone (f) p-Chloroacetophenone (g) 3-Bromo-4-methylacetophenone (h) 2-Bromo-4-ethyltoluene (i) 3-Bromo-5-nitrobenzoic acid (j) 2-Bromo-4-nitrobenzoic acid (k) 1-Phenyloctane (l) 1-Phenyl-1-octene (m) 1-Phenyl-1-octyne (n) 1,4-Di-tert-butyl-1,4-cyclohexadienearrow_forwardSynthesize from benzene. (Hint: All of these require diazonium ions.)(a) 3-ethylbenzoic acidarrow_forward(a) Give chemical tests to distinguish between compounds in the following pairs of substances :(i) Ethanol and Propanal (ii) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate(b) An organic compound contains 69.77% carbon, 11.63% hydrogen and rest oxygen. The molecular mass of the compound is 86. It does not reduce Tollen’s reagent but forms an addition compound with sodium hydrogen sulphite and gives positive iodoform test. On vigorous oxidation it gives ethanoic and propanoic acids. Derive the structure of the compound.arrow_forward
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