(a) Interpretation: The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn. Concept introduction: An ester consists of a O = C − O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate . The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter F, Problem F.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

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What spectral features allow you to differentiate the product from the starting material? Use four separate paragraphs for each set of comparisons. You should have one paragraph each devoted to MS, HNMR, CNMR and IR. 2) For MS, the differing masses of molecular ions are a popular starting point. Including a unique fragmentation is important, too. 3) For HNMR, CNMR and IR state the peaks that are different and what makes them different (usually the presence or absence of certain groups). See if you can find two differences (in each set of IR, HNMR and CNMR spectra) due to the presence or absence of a functional group. Include peak locations. Alternatively, you can state a shift of a peak due to a change near a given functional group. Including peak locations for shifted peaks, as well as what these peaks are due to. Ideally, your focus should be on not just identifying the differences but explaining them in terms of functional group changes.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter F, Problem F.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter F, Problem F.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter F, Problem F.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

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Answer 5

Chapter F, Problem F.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Answer 6

Chapter F, Problem F.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Answer 7

Chapter F, Problem F.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given IUPAC name is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

An ester consists of a O=C−O group with hydrogen or an alkyl group (R) attached to the carbonyl carbon and another alkyl group (R or R’) attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom. The name of an ester has the general form alkyl alkanoate. The alkyl part denotes the alkyl group attached to the singly bonded oxygen atom while the alkanoate part indicates the alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon in an ester. The alkanoate portion derives from the analogous alkane having the same number of carbon atoms. The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as:

Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Answer 18

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Answer 19

Ch. F - Prob. F.1P Ch. F - Prob. F.2P Ch. F - Prob. F.3P Ch. F - Prob. F.4P Ch. F - Prob. F.5P Ch. F - Prob. F.6P Ch. F - Prob. F.7P Ch. F - Prob. F.8P Ch. F - Prob. F.9P Ch. F - Prob. F.10P

Solution Summary: The basic representation of an ester molecule is shown as: pentyl pentanoate.

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