Chapter F, Problem F.27P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given trivial name is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name is to be written.

Concept introduction:

The trivial names are commonly used names which are not systematic ones. Many trivial names are accepted by IUPAC.

In acid anhydride, two carbonyl carbons are bonded to the common oxygen atom as $\text{RCO}-\text{O}-\text{COR'}$. If $\text{R}$ and $\text{R'}$ are the same, the anhydride is symmetric. The general form of symmetric acid anhydride name is alkanoic anhydride. If $\text{R}$ and $\text{R'}$ are different, the anhydride is unsymmetric. The general form of unsymmetric acid anhydride name is alkanoic alkanoic anhydride. The two alkanoic groups appear in alphabetical order. The alkanoic corresponds to the specific carboxylic acid that could undergo dehydration to produce the anhydride. The alkan is the root name that stands for the longest chain containing the carbonyl group.

The root name is established by identifying the longest carbon chain or a ring containing the functional group. Remove the e from the normal ane, ene, or yne ending, and add the suffix that corresponds to the highest-priority functional group. Number the carbon chain in a way that the functional group and the substituents attached get the lowest number. The position of the functional group and substituents on the parent chain or ring is indicated by the respective locant number just before the suffix. Prefixes are used to denote the number of identical substituents. The substituents are written in alphabetical order when writing the IUPAC name.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given trivial name is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name is to be written.

Concept introduction:

The trivial names are commonly used names which are not systematic ones. Many trivial names are accepted by IUPAC.

In acid anhydride, two carbonyl carbons are bonded to the common oxygen atom as $\text{RCO}-\text{O}-\text{COR'}$. If $\text{R}$ and $\text{R'}$ are the same, the anhydride is symmetric. The general form of symmetric acid anhydride name is alkanoic anhydride. If $\text{R}$ and $\text{R'}$ are different, the anhydride is unsymmetric. The general form of unsymmetric acid anhydride name is alkanoic alkanoic anhydride. The two alkanoic groups appear in alphabetical order. The alkanoic corresponds to the specific carboxylic acid that could undergo dehydration to produce the anhydride. The alkan is the root name that stands for the longest chain containing the carbonyl group.

The root name is established by identifying the longest carbon chain or a ring containing the functional group. Remove the e from the normal ane, ene, or yne ending, and add the suffix that corresponds to the highest-priority functional group. Number the carbon chain in a way that the functional group and the substituents attached get the lowest number. The position of the functional group and substituents on the parent chain or ring is indicated by the respective locant number just before the suffix. Prefixes are used to denote the number of identical substituents. The substituents are written in alphabetical order when writing the IUPAC name.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure for the given trivial name is to be drawn, and the correct IUPAC name is to be written.

Concept introduction:

The trivial names are commonly used names which are not systematic ones. Many trivial names are accepted by IUPAC.

In acid anhydride, two carbonyl carbons are bonded to the common oxygen atom as $\text{RCO}-\text{O}-\text{COR'}$. If $\text{R}$ and $\text{R'}$ are the same, the anhydride is symmetric. The general form of symmetric acid anhydride name is alkanoic anhydride. If $\text{R}$ and $\text{R'}$ are different, the anhydride is unsymmetric. The general form of unsymmetric acid anhydride name is alkanoic alkanoic anhydride. The two alkanoic groups appear in alphabetical order. The alkanoic corresponds to the specific carboxylic acid that could undergo dehydration to produce the anhydride. The alkan is the root name that stands for the longest chain containing the carbonyl group.

The root name is established by identifying the longest carbon chain or a ring containing the functional group. Remove the e from the normal ane, ene, or yne ending, and add the suffix that corresponds to the highest-priority functional group. Number the carbon chain in a way that the functional group and the substituents attached get the lowest number. The position of the functional group and substituents on the parent chain or ring is indicated by the respective locant number just before the suffix. Prefixes are used to denote the number of identical substituents. The substituents are written in alphabetical order when writing the IUPAC name.