(a) Interpretation: The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S. Concept introduction: When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority. When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R. When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S. If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S. If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter C, Problem C.5P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.

If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.

If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituent is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.

If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

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The emission data in cps displayed in Table 1 is reported to two decimal places by the chemist. However, the instrument output is shown in Table 2. Table 2. Iron emission from ICP-AES Sample Blank Standard Emission, cps 579.503252562 9308340.13122 Unknown Sample 343.232365741 Did the chemist make the correct choice in how they choose to display the data up in Table 1? Choose the best explanation from the choices below. No. Since the instrument calculates 12 digits for all values, they should all be kept and not truncated. Doing so would eliminate significant information. No. Since the instrument calculates 5 decimal places for the standard, all of the values should be limited to the same number. The other decimal places are not significant for the blank and unknown sample. Yes. The way Saman made the standards was limited by the 250-mL volumetric flask. This glassware can report values to 2 decimal places, and this establishes our number of significant figures. Yes. Instrumental data…

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter C, Problem C.5P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.

If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.

If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituent is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.

If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter C, Problem C.5P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.

If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.

If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituent is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.

If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter C, Problem C.5P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.

If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.

If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituent is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.

If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

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Answer 5

Chapter C, Problem C.5P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.

If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.

If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituent is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.

If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

Answer 6

Chapter C, Problem C.5P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.

If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

Answer 7

Chapter C, Problem C.5P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.

If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.

If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituent is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.

If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituent is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.

If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The configuration of each stereo center in the given molecule is to be designated as R or S.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.

When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.

If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. C - Prob. C.1P Ch. C - Prob. C.2P Ch. C - Prob. C.3P Ch. C - Prob. C.4P Ch. C - Prob. C.5P Ch. C - Prob. C.6P Ch. C - Prob. C.7P Ch. C - Prob. C.8P Ch. C - Prob. C.9P Ch. C - Prob. C.10P

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Chapter C Solutions