(a) Interpretation: The substituent in each pair which that has higher priority is to be identified. Concept introduction: When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority. When the substituents that are attached by the same atom, a tiebreaker is applied. For each substituent, the set of three atoms one bond away from its point of attachment are to be identified. In each set, arrange the three atoms from highest to lowest priority. Compare each set’s highest-priority atom. If they are different, then the atom that has higher priority corresponds to the higher-priority substituent. If the highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s second highest priority that corresponds to the higher priority substituent. If the second-highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s lowest-priority atom to break the tie.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter C, Problem C.6P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The substituent in each pair which that has higher priority is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority. When the substituents that are attached by the same atom, a tiebreaker is applied.

For each substituent, the set of three atoms one bond away from its point of attachment are to be identified.

In each set, arrange the three atoms from highest to lowest priority. Compare each set’s highest-priority atom.

If they are different, then the atom that has higher priority corresponds to the higher-priority substituent.

If the highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s second highest priority that corresponds to the higher priority substituent. If the second-highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s lowest-priority atom to break the tie.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The substituent in each pair which that has higher priority is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority. When the substituents are attached by the same atom,

A tiebreaker is applied.

For each substituent, the set of three atoms one bond away from its point of attachment are to be identified.

In each set, arrange the three atoms from highest to the lowest priority. Compare each set’s highest-priority atom.

If they are different, then the atom that has higher priority corresponds to the higher-priority substituent.

If the highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s second highest priority corresponds to the higher priority substituent. If the second-highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s lowest-priority atom to break the tie.

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3) The following molecule, chloral is a common precursor to chloral hydrate, an acetal type molecule that was a first-generation anesthetic. Draw a mechanism that accounts for tis formation and speculate why it does not require the use of an acid catalyst, like most hemiacetal and acetal reaction: (10 pts) H H₂O

You are a Quality Manager for a very well-known food ingredient company that produces umami powder, and you are responsible for setting specification limits. The net weight (in grams) of bags of unami powder is monitored by taking samples of six bags on an hourly basis during production. The label on every bag reports a contents of 1KG umami powder. The process mean is μ = 1012 g, and when the process is properly adjusted, it varies with σ = 11 g. QUESTION: Your organisation strives to ensure that >99.97% of bags of umami powder produced conforms to specification. What performance process index value is required to achieve this process yield? Calculate PPK using the following formula: Ppk = (USL – mean)/3 σ Ppk = (mean -LSL)/ 3 σ

You are a Quality Manager for a very well-known food ingredient company that produces umami powder, and you are responsible for setting specification limits. The net weight (in grams) of bags of unami powder is monitored by taking samples of six bags on an hourly basis during production. The label on every bag reports a contents of 1KG umami powder. The process mean is μ = 1012 g, and when the process is properly adjusted, it varies with σ = 11 g. QUESTION: Provide a valid and full justification as to whether you would advise your manager that the process is satisfactory when it is properly adjusted, or would you seek their approval to improve the process?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter C, Problem C.6P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The substituent in each pair which that has higher priority is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority. When the substituents that are attached by the same atom, a tiebreaker is applied.

For each substituent, the set of three atoms one bond away from its point of attachment are to be identified.

In each set, arrange the three atoms from highest to lowest priority. Compare each set’s highest-priority atom.

If they are different, then the atom that has higher priority corresponds to the higher-priority substituent.

If the highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s second highest priority that corresponds to the higher priority substituent. If the second-highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s lowest-priority atom to break the tie.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The substituent in each pair which that has higher priority is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority. When the substituents are attached by the same atom,

A tiebreaker is applied.

For each substituent, the set of three atoms one bond away from its point of attachment are to be identified.

In each set, arrange the three atoms from highest to the lowest priority. Compare each set’s highest-priority atom.

If they are different, then the atom that has higher priority corresponds to the higher-priority substituent.

If the highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s second highest priority corresponds to the higher priority substituent. If the second-highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s lowest-priority atom to break the tie.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter C, Problem C.6P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The substituent in each pair which that has higher priority is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority. When the substituents that are attached by the same atom, a tiebreaker is applied.

For each substituent, the set of three atoms one bond away from its point of attachment are to be identified.

In each set, arrange the three atoms from highest to lowest priority. Compare each set’s highest-priority atom.

If they are different, then the atom that has higher priority corresponds to the higher-priority substituent.

If the highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s second highest priority that corresponds to the higher priority substituent. If the second-highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s lowest-priority atom to break the tie.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The substituent in each pair which that has higher priority is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority. When the substituents are attached by the same atom,

A tiebreaker is applied.

For each substituent, the set of three atoms one bond away from its point of attachment are to be identified.

In each set, arrange the three atoms from highest to the lowest priority. Compare each set’s highest-priority atom.

If they are different, then the atom that has higher priority corresponds to the higher-priority substituent.

If the highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s second highest priority corresponds to the higher priority substituent. If the second-highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s lowest-priority atom to break the tie.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter C, Problem C.6P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The substituent in each pair which that has higher priority is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority. When the substituents that are attached by the same atom, a tiebreaker is applied.

For each substituent, the set of three atoms one bond away from its point of attachment are to be identified.

In each set, arrange the three atoms from highest to lowest priority. Compare each set’s highest-priority atom.

If they are different, then the atom that has higher priority corresponds to the higher-priority substituent.

If the highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s second highest priority that corresponds to the higher priority substituent. If the second-highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s lowest-priority atom to break the tie.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The substituent in each pair which that has higher priority is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority. When the substituents are attached by the same atom,

A tiebreaker is applied.

For each substituent, the set of three atoms one bond away from its point of attachment are to be identified.

In each set, arrange the three atoms from highest to the lowest priority. Compare each set’s highest-priority atom.

If they are different, then the atom that has higher priority corresponds to the higher-priority substituent.

If the highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s second highest priority corresponds to the higher priority substituent. If the second-highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s lowest-priority atom to break the tie.

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Answer 5

Chapter C, Problem C.6P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The substituent in each pair which that has higher priority is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority. When the substituents that are attached by the same atom, a tiebreaker is applied.

For each substituent, the set of three atoms one bond away from its point of attachment are to be identified.

In each set, arrange the three atoms from highest to lowest priority. Compare each set’s highest-priority atom.

If they are different, then the atom that has higher priority corresponds to the higher-priority substituent.

If the highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s second highest priority that corresponds to the higher priority substituent. If the second-highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s lowest-priority atom to break the tie.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The substituent in each pair which that has higher priority is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority. When the substituents are attached by the same atom,

A tiebreaker is applied.

For each substituent, the set of three atoms one bond away from its point of attachment are to be identified.

In each set, arrange the three atoms from highest to the lowest priority. Compare each set’s highest-priority atom.

If they are different, then the atom that has higher priority corresponds to the higher-priority substituent.

If the highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s second highest priority corresponds to the higher priority substituent. If the second-highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s lowest-priority atom to break the tie.

Answer 6

Chapter C, Problem C.6P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The substituent in each pair which that has higher priority is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority. When the substituents that are attached by the same atom, a tiebreaker is applied.

For each substituent, the set of three atoms one bond away from its point of attachment are to be identified.

In each set, arrange the three atoms from highest to lowest priority. Compare each set’s highest-priority atom.

If they are different, then the atom that has higher priority corresponds to the higher-priority substituent.

If the highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s second highest priority that corresponds to the higher priority substituent. If the second-highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s lowest-priority atom to break the tie.

Answer 7

Chapter C, Problem C.6P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The substituent in each pair which that has higher priority is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority. When the substituents that are attached by the same atom, a tiebreaker is applied.

For each substituent, the set of three atoms one bond away from its point of attachment are to be identified.

In each set, arrange the three atoms from highest to lowest priority. Compare each set’s highest-priority atom.

If they are different, then the atom that has higher priority corresponds to the higher-priority substituent.

If the highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s second highest priority that corresponds to the higher priority substituent. If the second-highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s lowest-priority atom to break the tie.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The substituent in each pair which that has higher priority is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority. When the substituents are attached by the same atom,

A tiebreaker is applied.

For each substituent, the set of three atoms one bond away from its point of attachment are to be identified.

In each set, arrange the three atoms from highest to the lowest priority. Compare each set’s highest-priority atom.

If they are different, then the atom that has higher priority corresponds to the higher-priority substituent.

If the highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s second highest priority corresponds to the higher priority substituent. If the second-highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s lowest-priority atom to break the tie.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The substituent in each pair which that has higher priority is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets higher priority. When the substituents are attached by the same atom,

A tiebreaker is applied.

For each substituent, the set of three atoms one bond away from its point of attachment are to be identified.

In each set, arrange the three atoms from highest to the lowest priority. Compare each set’s highest-priority atom.

If they are different, then the atom that has higher priority corresponds to the higher-priority substituent.

If the highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s second highest priority corresponds to the higher priority substituent. If the second-highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s lowest-priority atom to break the tie.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. C - Prob. C.1P Ch. C - Prob. C.2P Ch. C - Prob. C.3P Ch. C - Prob. C.4P Ch. C - Prob. C.5P Ch. C - Prob. C.6P Ch. C - Prob. C.7P Ch. C - Prob. C.8P Ch. C - Prob. C.9P Ch. C - Prob. C.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that when assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has higher priority.

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Chapter C Solutions