Chapter 9.6, Problem 24P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of the substitution products formed from the given reaction has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

• The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction is a type of reaction mechanism in which one bond is broken and one bond is formed simultaneously in one step. ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ is a kind of nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism.
• In solvolysis solvent acts as a nucleophile.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of the substitution products formed from the given reaction has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

• Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the reversible ionization of alkyl halide in the presence of aqueous acetone or an aqueous ethyl alcohol provides a carbocation as an intermediate, attacked by the nucleophile to form the product is called ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ reaction.
• In solvolysis solvent acts as a nucleophile.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Benzylic and allylic halides that have $\text{β-hydrogen}$ readily undergo E2 reactions as the new double bond in the product is relatively stable and therefore easily formed since it is conjugated with a benzene ring or with a double bond.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Benzylic and allylic halides that have $\text{β-hydrogen}$ readily undergo E2 reactions as the new double bond in the product is relatively stable and therefore easily formed since it is conjugated with a benzene ring or with a double bond.