Chapter 9, Problem 38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nucleophile which forms the given compounds when it reacts with $\text{1-iodobutane}$ has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The S_N2 reaction is a type of reaction mechanism in which one bond is broken and one bond is formed i.e., in one step. S_N2 is a kind of nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism.

The nucleophile attacks the back side of the carbon that is attached to the halogen.  Therefore it takes an inversion of configuration.

The configuration of the product is inverted relative to the configuration of the reactant.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nucleophile which forms given compounds when it reacts with $\text{1-iodobutane}$ has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The S_N2 reaction is a type of reaction mechanism in which one bond is broken and one bond is formed i.e., in one step. S_N2 is a kind of nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism.

Steric effect is the effect due to the groups occupies a certain volume of space.

Steric hindrance is caused by the bulky groups at the site of a reaction that makes it difficult for the reactants to approach each other.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nucleophile which forms given compounds when it reacts with $\text{1-iodobutane}$ is to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The S_N2 reaction is a type of reaction mechanism in which one bond is broken and one bond is formed i.e., in one step. S_N2 is a kind of nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism.

Aprotic solvent are polar solvent molecules which do not have hydrogen bonded to oxygen to nitrogen.

Protic solvent are polar solvent molecules which do have hydrogen bonded to oxygen to nitrogen.

The stronger base is always a better nucleophile in an aprotic solvent.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nucleophile which forms the following compounds when it reacts with $\text{1-iodobutane}$ is to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The S_N2 reaction is a type of reaction mechanism in which one bond is broken and one bond is formed i.e., in one step. S_N2 is a kind of nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism.

The stronger base is always a better nucleophile in an aprotic solvent.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nucleophile which forms the following compounds when it reacts with $\text{1-iodobutane}$ has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The S_N2 reaction is a type of reaction mechanism in which one bond is broken and one bond is formed i.e., in one step. S_N2 is a kind of nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism.

The nucleophile attacks the back side of the carbon that is attached to the halogen. Therefore it takes an inversion of configuration.

The configuration of the product is inverted relative to the configuration of the reactant.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nucleophile which forms given compounds when it reacts with $\text{1-iodobutane}$ is to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The S_N2 reaction is a type of reaction mechanism in which one bond is broken and one bond is formed i.e., in one step. S_N2 is a kind of nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism.  The nucleophile attacks the back side of the carbon that is attached to the halogen.  Therefore it takes an inversion of configuration.

The configuration of the product is inverted relative to the configuration of the reactant.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nucleophile which forms given compound when it reacts with $\text{1-iodobutane}$ is to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The S_N2 reaction is a type of reaction mechanism in which one bond is broken and one bond is formed i.e., in one step. S_N2 is a kind of nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism.

The nucleophile attacks the back side of the carbon that is attached to the halogen. Therefore it takes an inversion of configuration.

The configuration of the product is inverted relative to the configuration of the reactant.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nucleophile which forms given compound when it reacts with $\text{1-iodobutane}$ is to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The S_N2 reaction is a type of reaction mechanism in which one bond is broken and one bond is formed i.e., in one step. S_N2 is a kind of nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism.

The nucleophile attacks the back side of the carbon that is attached to the halogen.  Therefore it takes an inversion of configuration.

The configuration of the product is inverted relative to the configuration of the reactant.