Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780133922851
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9.5, Problem 1CC
Consider the NADH formed during glycolysis. What is the final acceptor for its electrons during fermentation? What is the final acceptor for electrons during aerobic respiration? During anaerobic respiration?
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Consider the NADH formed during glycolysis. What isthe final acceptor for its electrons during fermentation?What is the final acceptor for its electrons during aerobicrespiration? During anaerobic respiration?
Organisms growing anaerobically cannot perform glycolysis for long without
reducing the pyruvate from glycolysis into another compound, most commonly to
lactate or to ethanol plus CO2.
Which of the following provides the best explanation for sustaining anaerobic
glycolysis?
O Lactic acid has to be reduced to regenerate NADH
Pyruvate has to be reduced to regenerate NADH
Pyruvate has to be reduced to regenerate NAD+
Lactic acid has to be reduced to regenerate NAD+
In some tissues, glucose 6-phosphate is oxidized to pentose phosphates by the pentose
phosphate pathway.
a) Which tissues prefer this pathway and why? Explain in detail.
b) Due to the fact that glucose 6-phosphate is also an intermediate for the glycolysis pathway,
the regulation of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway is very important. NADPH plays a
crucial role in partitioning of glucose 6-phosphate between glycolysis and the pentose
phosphate pathway. Explain this role of NADPH in detail.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.1 - WHAT IF? If the following redox reaction...Ch. 9.2 - VISUAL SKILLS During the redox reaction in...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.3 - What process in your cells produce the CO2 that...Ch. 9.3 - VISUAL SKILLS The conversions shown in Figure...Ch. 9.4 - WHAT IF? What effect would an absence of O2 have...Ch. 9.4 - WHAT IF? In the absence of O2 as in question 1,...Ch. 9.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Membranes must be fluid to...Ch. 9.5 - Consider the NADH formed during glycolysis. What...
Ch. 9.5 - WHAT IF? A glucose-fed yeast cell is moved from...Ch. 9.6 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Compare the structure of a fat...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 9.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 9.6 - VISUAL SKILLS During intense exercise, can a...Ch. 9 - Describe the difference between the two processes...Ch. 9 - Which reactions in glycolysis are the source of...Ch. 9 - What molecular products indicate the complete...Ch. 9 - Briefly explain the mechanism by which ATP...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.5CRCh. 9 - Prob. 9.6CRCh. 9 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. The immediate...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 9 - 3. The final electron acceptor of the electron...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 9 - What is the oxidizing agent in the following...Ch. 9 - When electrons flow along the electron transport...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 9 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 9 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The proton pump shown in Figures...Ch. 9 - INTERPRET THE DATA Phosphofructokinase is an...Ch. 9 - DRAW IT The graph here shows the pH difference...Ch. 9 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION AIP synthases are found in...Ch. 9 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY In the 1930s, some physicians...Ch. 9 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay...Ch. 9 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is sold...
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- How many ATP or NADH molecules are produced or required in each of the following steps in glycolysis? Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. zero one two produced required In the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, NADH molecules are In the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate, NADH molecules are In the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate molecules are ATP and Reset ATP and ATP and Help NADHarrow_forwardWhat is the process that sustains the redox balance of glycolysis under aerobic conditions? transport of lactate from the cell regeneration of NAD* in the citric acid cycle formation of NADH in the reaction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase regeneration of NAD* in fermentation processes regeneration of NAD* in the mitochondrial electron-transport chainarrow_forwardWhat is the net yield of ATP during homolactic, acetate, and butyrate fermentations? How do these yields compare to aerobic respiration in terms of both quantity and mechanism of phosphorylation?arrow_forward
- a) Using full chemical structures of substrates and products, draw the two possible pyruvate reduction pathways that regenerate NAD+ from NADH in the absence of oxygen gas. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved. b) Draw the step in glycolysis that requires at least one of the above pathways to be functional in the absence of oxygen. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved.arrow_forwardConsider the steps of the krebs cycle and electron carrier chain and answer: a) How many ATPs are produced from 10 Pyruvato molecules? b) How many ATPs are produced from 12 Acetyl CoA molecules?arrow_forwardIn one of the steps of glycolysis, the enzyme pyruvate kinase catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate; the phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate is transferred to ADP to form ATP during the reaction. This process is an example of: A) O ATP synthesis by substrate-level phosphorylation B) O coupling an energy releasing process to an energy requiring process C) O oxidative phosphorylation D) OB and C are correct E) OA and B are correctarrow_forward
- Draw OUT THE arrow pushing reaction mechanism for the following steps of glycolysis: SHOW/IDENTIFY the arrow pushing mechanism in at least 2 steps. CH,OPO CH,OH hexokinase 2+ H H H H H H ОН + ATP OH H ADP + H+ H ОН + НО HO OH H ОН H ОН Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) Glucosearrow_forwardWhich of the following shows the correct order of reactions for aerobic respiration? Glycolysis → Pyruvate oxidation → Citric acid cycle → Chemiosmosis → Electron transport chain Glycolysis → Fermentation Glycolysis → Pyruvate oxidation → Citric acid cycle → Electron transport chain → Chemiosmosis Glycolysis → Fermentation → Pyruvate oxidation → Citric acid cycle → Electron transport chain → Chemiosmosis Pyruvate oxidation → Glycolysis → Citric acid cycle → Fermentationarrow_forwardHow many molecules of NADH are produced if 12 molecules of glucose enter the glycolytic pathway?arrow_forward
- Concerning the use of pyruvate when ratio of NADH/NAD+ is low, what is the fate of the carbon labeled in pyruvate when metabolized under these conditions? a) Production of glucose b) Oxidation to CO2 via the TCA cycle c) Conversion to pyruvate to generate oxaloacetate to move electrons to the cytosol via the malate shuttle d) Pyruvate is never metabolized by the cell, instead pyruvate is converted to lactate and solely exported for the Cori cycle and dependent on the liver to recycle the carbon skeletonarrow_forwardWhat is the net reaction of the citric acid cycle? What happens to each product? OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION: 3A) Thoroughly explain the biological significance of NADH/H* and FADH₂ and their roles in oxidative phosphorylation. 3B) Describe and diagram the general pathway of the electrons from NADH/H+ and FADH2 to 02 during the electron transport chain. 3C) What is "chemiosmotic coupling", and what is its relationship to ATP synthesis? 3D) During oxidative phosphorylation, what is oxidized and what is phosphorylated?arrow_forwardUse drawings, flow charts, or a table to compare and contrast the energy inputs and outputs during each phase of aerobic respiration vs. fermentation. Be sure to directly discuss inputs and outputs of BOTH processes. Include all phosphorylated compounds and high-energy electron carriers, and briefly EXPLAIN HOW these are produced at each stage of respiration. WHERE does each stage happen? Explain HOW energy from high energy electron carriers is converted to ATP during respiration in mitochondria or aerobic bacteria.arrow_forward
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