Chapter 9.4, Problem 13P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The constitutional isomer formed with greatest yield in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Dehydration reaction:

Removal of water molecule from the reaction when the alcohol is treated with strong acid like sulfuric acid is known as dehydration reaction, for example

Alcohols are react with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic to yields the corresponding carbocation intermediates, this carbocation intermediate undergoes elimination reaction to give a corresponding alkene as a product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

Constitutional Isomers: Two compounds are considered as constitutional isomers if they have same molecular formula but different in their connectivity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stereoisomer formed with greatest yield in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Dehydration reaction:

Removal of water molecule from the reaction when the alcohol is treated with strong acid like sulfuric acid is known as dehydration reaction, for example

Alcohols are react with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic to yields the corresponding carbocation intermediates, this carbocation intermediate undergoes elimination reaction to give a corresponding alkene as a product.

The stability of carbocation is given below,

Tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary and primary.

Cis–trans isomerism (or) geometric isomerism or configurational isomerism:

The functional groups are in the same side of the carbon chain is called cis isomer.

The functional groups are in opposite to each other in the carbon chain is called trans- isomer.

Two similar functional groups are in same side which is called as Z-isomer.

Two similar functional groups are opposite side which is called as E-isomer.

Stereoisomers: same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms (constitution), but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space.