
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The major elimination product obtained when the given alcohol is heated in the presence of sulphuric acid has to be has to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Dehydration reaction:
Removal of water molecule from the reaction of alcohol with strong acid like sulfuric acid is known as dehydration reaction.
E1 dehydration reaction of secondary and tertiary alcohols:
The alcohols react with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic which yield the corresponding stable carbocation intermediate. The elimination of hydrogen from the beta carbon results in the
Carbocation: It is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.
The increasing stability order of carbocation is as follows,
Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation
(b)
Interpretation:
The major elimination product obtained when the given alcohol is heated in the presence of sulphuric acid has to be has to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Dehydration reaction:
Removal of water molecule from the reaction of alcohol with strong acid like sulfuric acid is known as dehydration reaction.
E1 dehydration reaction of secondary and tertiary alcohols:
The alcohols react with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic which yield the corresponding stable carbocation intermediate. The elimination of hydrogen from the beta carbon results in the alkene product. Thus the removal of water molecule occurs in the dehydration process and the major product of the acid-catalysed dehydration reaction will be the more substituted product.
Carbocation: It is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.
The increasing stability order of carbocation is as follows,
Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation
(c)
Interpretation:
The major elimination product obtained when the given alcohol is heated in the presence of sulphuric acid has to be has to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Dehydration reaction:
Removal of water molecule from the reaction of alcohol with strong acid like sulfuric acid is known as dehydration reaction.
E2 dehydration of primary alcohols:
Due to the unstability of the primary carbocation, the dehydration of primary alcohol is an E2 reaction.
In the E2 reaction, protonation of the most basic atom occurs and then base will remove a proton from the beta carbon.
(d)
Interpretation:
The major elimination product obtained when the given alcohol is heated in the presence of sulphuric acid has to be has to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Dehydration reaction:
Removal of water molecule from the reaction of alcohol with strong acid like sulfuric acid is known as dehydration reaction.
E1 dehydration reaction of secondary and tertiary alcohols:
The alcohols react with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic which yield the corresponding stable carbocation intermediate. The elimination of hydrogen from the beta carbon results in the alkene product. Thus the removal of water molecule occurs in the dehydration process and the major product of the acid-catalysed dehydration reaction will be the more substituted product.
Carbocation: It is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.
The increasing stability order of carbocation is as follows,
Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

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Chapter 9 Solutions
Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
- Calculate the pH and the pOH of each of the following solutions at 25 °C for which the substances ionize completely: (a) 0.000259 M HClO4arrow_forwardWhat is the pH of a 1.0 L buffer made with 0.300 mol of HF (Ka = 6.8 × 10⁻⁴) and 0.200 mol of NaF to which 0.160 mol of NaOH were added?arrow_forwardDetermine if the following salt is neutral, acidic or basic. If acidic or basic, write the appropriate equilibrium equation for the acid or base that exists when the salt is dissolved in aqueous solution. If neutral, simply write only NR. Be sure to include the proper phases for all species within the reaction. NaN₃arrow_forward
- A. Draw the structure of each of the following alcohols. Then draw and name the product you would expect to produce by the oxidation of each. a. 4-Methyl-2-heptanol b. 3,4-Dimethyl-1-pentanol c. 4-Ethyl-2-heptanol d. 5,7-Dichloro-3-heptanolarrow_forwardWhat is the pH of a 1.0 L buffer made with 0.300 mol of HF (Ka = 6.8 × 10⁻⁴) and 0.200 mol of NaF to which 0.160 mol of NaOH were added?arrow_forwardCan I please get help with this.arrow_forward
- Determine if the following salt is neutral, acidic or basic. If acidic or basic, write the appropriate equilibrium equation for the acid or base that exists when the salt is dissolved in aqueous solution. If neutral, simply write only NR. Be sure to include the proper phases for all species within the reaction. N₂H₅ClO₄arrow_forwardPlease help me with identifying these.arrow_forwardCan I please get help with this?arrow_forward
