
(a)
Interpretation:
The major product has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
SN1 reaction:
The reaction of alcohols with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic which yield the corresponding carbocation intermediate, this carbocation intermediate undergoes substitution reaction which yields the corresponding substitution product.
Tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation.
Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes SN1 substitution reaction.
(b)
Interpretation:
The major product has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
SN2 reaction:
The alcohols are reaction with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic which yield the corresponding substitution product. Primary alcohol undergoes SN2 substitution reaction than secondary alcohol than tertiary alcohol because SN2 reaction is simultaneous reaction.
(c)
Interpretation:
The major product has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Dehydration reaction:
Removal of water molecule from the reaction, the alcohol is treated with strong acid like sulfuric acid.
The stability of carbocation is given below,
Tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary and primary.
(d)
Interpretation:
The major product should be identified.
Concept introduction:
SN1 reaction:
The alcohols is reaction with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic which yield the corresponding carbocation intermediate, this carbocation intermediate undergoes substitution reaction which yields the corresponding substitution product.
Tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation.
Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes SN1 substitution reaction.
(e)
Interpretation:
The major product should be identified.
Concept introduction:
In the presence of acid catalyst, this reaction takes place through partial SN1 and partial SN2 pathway.
Epoxides are reactive, methoxide ion attacks the Epoxides in a less sterically hindered position which forms the alkoxide ion, and then it gets proton from alcohol which form the product.
(f)
Interpretation:
The major product should be identified.
Concept introduction:
In the presence of acid catalyst, this reaction takes place through partial SN1 and partial SN2 pathway. It is not a pure SN1 reaction because a carbocation is not formed fully and not a pure SN2 reaction because the leaving group begins to depart before the compound is attacked by the nucleophile. Epoxides are reactive; Epoxides get protonated followed by alcohol attacks to the stable carbocation and form the product.
Epoxides are reactive, methoxide ion attacks the Epoxides in a less sterically hindered position which forms the alkoxide ion, and then it gets proton from alcohol which form the product. When a nucleophile attacks an unprotonated epoxide, the reaction is a pure SN2 reaction.
Note: Under acidic conditions, the nucleophile preferentially attacks the more substuituted ring carbon. Under Basic conditions, the nucleophile preferentially attacks the less substuituted ring carbon.

Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 9 Solutions
Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
- Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electrons-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s).arrow_forwardWhat is the IUPAC name of the following compound? CH₂CH₂ H CI H₂CH₂C H CH₂ Selected Answer: O (35,4R)-4 chloro-3-ethylpentane Correctarrow_forwardCurved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electrons-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s).arrow_forward
- Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. I I I H Select to Add Arrows HCI, CH3CH2OHarrow_forwardCurved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Use the reaction conditions provided and the follow the arrows to draw the intermediate and product in this reaction or mechanistic step(s).arrow_forwardCurved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Use the reaction conditions provided and follow the curved arrows to draw the intermediates and product of the following reaction or mechanistic step(s).arrow_forward
- Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Use the reaction conditions provided and follow the arrows to draw the intermediate and the product in this reaction or mechanistic step(s).arrow_forwardLook at the following pairs of structures carefully to identify them as representing a) completely different compounds, b) compounds that are structural isomers of each other, c) compounds that are geometric isomers of each other, d) conformers of the same compound (part of structure rotated around a single bond) or e) the same structure.arrow_forwardGiven 10.0 g of NaOH, what volume of a 0.100 M solution of H2SO4 would be required to exactly react all the NaOH?arrow_forward
- 3.50 g of Li are combined with 3.50 g of N2. What is the maximum mass of Li3N that can be produced? 6 Li + N2 ---> 2 Li3Narrow_forward3.50 g of Li are combined with 3.50 g of N2. What is the maximum mass of Li3N that can be produced? 6 Li + N2 ---> 2 Li3Narrow_forwardConcentration Trial1 Concentration of iodide solution (mA) 255.8 Concentration of thiosulfate solution (mM) 47.0 Concentration of hydrogen peroxide solution (mM) 110.1 Temperature of iodide solution ('C) 25.0 Volume of iodide solution (1) used (mL) 10.0 Volume of thiosulfate solution (5:03) used (mL) Volume of DI water used (mL) Volume of hydrogen peroxide solution (H₂O₂) used (mL) 1.0 2.5 7.5 Time (s) 16.9 Dark blue Observations Initial concentration of iodide in reaction (mA) Initial concentration of thiosulfate in reaction (mA) Initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide in reaction (mA) Initial Rate (mA's)arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY





