Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260048766
Author: CENGEL
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 9.12, Problem 39P
To determine
The rate of heat addition to the engine.
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An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 10.5, takes in air at 90 kPa and 40°C, and is repeated 2500 times per minute. The Thermal efficiency is 60.96% and the Rate of Heat Input of 147.6409 kW if the cycle is to produce 90 kW of power. Draw and label the P-V and T-S diagrams.
In an air standard dual cycle two –thirds of the total heat supply occurs at constant volume . The state at the beginning of the compression process is 90kPa and 20°C and the compression ratio is 9. if the total heat supply is2100kJ/kg, Determine the efficiency of the cycle.
A four-cylinder, four-stroke, spark-ignition engine operates on the ideal Otto cycle with a compression ratio of 11 and a total displacement volume of 1.8 L. The air is at 90 kPa and 50°C at the beginning of the compression process. The heat input is 0.5 kJ per cycle per cylinder. Determine the net work per cycle per cylinder and the thermal efficiency of the cycle.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Ch. 9.12 - What are the air-standard assumptions?Ch. 9.12 - What is the difference between air-standard...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 3PCh. 9.12 - How does the thermal efficiency of an ideal cycle,...Ch. 9.12 - How are the combustion and exhaust processes...Ch. 9.12 - What does the area enclosed by the cycle represent...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 7PCh. 9.12 - Can the mean effective pressure of an automobile...Ch. 9.12 - What is the difference between spark-ignition and...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 11PCh. 9.12 - Can any ideal gas power cycle have a thermal...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 13PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 14PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 15PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 16PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 17PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 18PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 19PCh. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 919 using helium as the working...Ch. 9.12 - The thermal energy reservoirs of an ideal gas...Ch. 9.12 - Consider a Carnot cycle executed in a closed...Ch. 9.12 - Consider a Carnot cycle executed in a closed...Ch. 9.12 - What four processes make up the ideal Otto cycle?Ch. 9.12 - Are the processes that make up the Otto cycle...Ch. 9.12 - How do the efficiencies of the ideal Otto cycle...Ch. 9.12 - How does the thermal efficiency of an ideal Otto...Ch. 9.12 - Why are high compression ratios not used in...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Otto cycle with a specified compression...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 30PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 31PCh. 9.12 - Determine the mean effective pressure of an ideal...Ch. 9.12 - Reconsider Prob. 932E. Determine the rate of heat...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8....Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 36PCh. 9.12 - A spark-ignition engine has a compression ratio of...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 7....Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 39PCh. 9.12 - An ideal Otto cycle with air as the working fluid...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 940E using argon as the working...Ch. 9.12 - Someone has suggested that the air-standard Otto...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 942 when isentropic processes are...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 44PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 45PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 46PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 47PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 48PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 49PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 50PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 51PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 52PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 53PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 54PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 55PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 56PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 57PCh. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 957, but replace the isentropic...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 60PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 61PCh. 9.12 - The compression ratio of an ideal dual cycle is...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 962 using constant specific heats at...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 65PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 66PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 67PCh. 9.12 - An air-standard cycle, called the dual cycle, with...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 69PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 70PCh. 9.12 - Consider the ideal Otto, Stirling, and Carnot...Ch. 9.12 - Consider the ideal Diesel, Ericsson, and Carnot...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Ericsson engine using helium as the...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Stirling engine using helium as the...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 75PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 76PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 77PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 78PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 79PCh. 9.12 - For fixed maximum and minimum temperatures, what...Ch. 9.12 - What is the back work ratio? What are typical back...Ch. 9.12 - Why are the back work ratios relatively high in...Ch. 9.12 - How do the inefficiencies of the turbine and the...Ch. 9.12 - A simple ideal Brayton cycle with air as the...Ch. 9.12 - A stationary gas-turbine power plant operates on a...Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine power plant operates on the simple...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 87PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 88PCh. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 988 when the isentropic efficiency of...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 988 when the isentropic efficiency of...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 988 when the isentropic efficiencies...Ch. 9.12 - Air is used as the working fluid in a simple ideal...Ch. 9.12 - An aircraft engine operates on a simple ideal...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 993 for a pressure ratio of 15.Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine power plant operates on the simple...Ch. 9.12 - A simple ideal Brayton cycle uses argon as the...Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine power plant operates on a modified...Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine power plant operating on the simple...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 99PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 100PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 101PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 102PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 103PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 104PCh. 9.12 - A gas turbine for an automobile is designed with a...Ch. 9.12 - Rework Prob. 9105 when the compressor isentropic...Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine engine operates on the ideal Brayton...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal regenerator (T3 = T5) is added to a...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 109PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 111PCh. 9.12 - A Brayton cycle with regeneration using air as the...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 113PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 114PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 115PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 116PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 117PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 118PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 119PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 120PCh. 9.12 - A simple ideal Brayton cycle without regeneration...Ch. 9.12 - A simple ideal Brayton cycle is modified to...Ch. 9.12 - Consider a regenerative gas-turbine power plant...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 9123 using argon as the working...Ch. 9.12 - Consider an ideal gas-turbine cycle with two...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 9125, assuming an efficiency of 86...Ch. 9.12 - A gas turbine operates with a regenerator and two...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 128PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 129PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 130PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 131PCh. 9.12 - Air at 7C enters a turbojet engine at a rate of 16...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 133PCh. 9.12 - A turbojet is flying with a velocity of 900 ft/s...Ch. 9.12 - A pure jet engine propels an aircraft at 240 m/s...Ch. 9.12 - A turbojet aircraft is flying with a velocity of...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 137PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 138PCh. 9.12 - Reconsider Prob. 9138E. How much change would...Ch. 9.12 - Consider an aircraft powered by a turbojet engine...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8....Ch. 9.12 - An air-standard Diesel cycle has a compression...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 144PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 145PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 146PCh. 9.12 - Prob. 147PCh. 9.12 - A Brayton cycle with regeneration using air as the...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 150PCh. 9.12 - A gas turbine operates with a regenerator and two...Ch. 9.12 - A gas-turbine power plant operates on the...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 153PCh. 9.12 - An air-standard cycle with variable specific heats...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 155RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 156RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 157RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 158RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 159RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 160RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 161RPCh. 9.12 - Consider an engine operating on the ideal Diesel...Ch. 9.12 - Repeat Prob. 9162 using argon as the working...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 164RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 165RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 166RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 167RPCh. 9.12 - Consider an ideal Stirling cycle using air as the...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 169RPCh. 9.12 - Consider a simple ideal Brayton cycle with air as...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 171RPCh. 9.12 - A Brayton cycle with a pressure ratio of 15...Ch. 9.12 - Helium is used as the working fluid in a Brayton...Ch. 9.12 - Consider an ideal gas-turbine cycle with one stage...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 176RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 177RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 180RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 181RPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 182RPCh. 9.12 - For specified limits for the maximum and minimum...Ch. 9.12 - A Carnot cycle operates between the temperature...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 194FEPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 195FEPCh. 9.12 - Helium gas in an ideal Otto cycle is compressed...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 197FEPCh. 9.12 - Prob. 198FEPCh. 9.12 - In an ideal Brayton cycle, air is compressed from...Ch. 9.12 - In an ideal Brayton cycle, air is compressed from...Ch. 9.12 - Consider an ideal Brayton cycle executed between...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal Brayton cycle has a net work output of...Ch. 9.12 - In an ideal Brayton cycle with regeneration, argon...Ch. 9.12 - In an ideal Brayton cycle with regeneration, air...Ch. 9.12 - Consider a gas turbine that has a pressure ratio...Ch. 9.12 - An ideal gas turbine cycle with many stages of...
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- A four-cylinder, four-stroke spark-ignition engine operates on the ideal Otto cycle with a compression ratio of 11 and a total displacement volume of 1.8 liter. The air is at 90 kPa and 50C at the beginning of the compression process. The heat input is 1.5 kJ per cycle per cylinder. Accounting for the variation of specific heats of air with temperature, determine (a) the maximum temperature and pressure that occur during the cycle, (b) the net work per cycle per cylinder and the thermal efficiency of the cycle, (c) the mean effective pressure, and (d) the power output for an engine speed of 3000 rpm.arrow_forwardDraw and label the P-V and T-S diagrams. An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 10.5, takes in air at 90 kPa and 40°C, and isrepeated 2500 times per minute. Determine the following:a. Thermal efficiency. b. Rate of Heat Input if the cycle is to produce 90 kW of power. 1arrow_forwardA four-cylinder, four-stroke, spark-ignition engine operates on the ideal Otto cycle with a compression ratio of 11 and a total displacement volume of 1.8 L. The air is at 90 kPa and 50°C at the beginning of the compression process. The heat input is 0.5 kJ per cycle per cylinder. Determine the mean effective pressure.arrow_forward
- Consider a simple ideal Brayton cycle with air as the working fluid. The pressure ratio of the cycle is 7.2, and the minimum and maximum temperatures are 300 K and 1350 K, respectively. Now the pressure ratio is doubled without changing the minimum and the maximum temperatures in the cycle. Assuming constant specific heats for air at room temperature; show the initial process and process change in a T-s diagram; calculate the change in the net work output per unit mass; and determine the change in thermal efficiency of the cycle.arrow_forwardAn ideal Brayton cycle has a pressure ratio of 7:1. The temperature of the air is 24 0C at the inlet to the compressor and 1,120 0C at the inlet to the turbine. Take Specific heat at constant pressure and constant volume for air as 1.006 kJ/kg K and 0.717 kJ/kg K respectively. Calculate the work ratio of the plant to three decimal places.arrow_forward4. An ideal diesel engine has a compression ratio of 20 and uses air as the working fluid. The stateof air at the beginning of the compression process is 95 kPa and 20°C. If the maximumtemperature in the cycle is not to exceed 2200 K, determine (a) the thermal efficiency and (b)the mean effective pressure. Assume constant specific heats for air at room temperature.arrow_forward
- The pressure ratio of a gas-turbine power plant operating on an ideal Brayton cycle is 8. The gas temperature is 300 degrees Fahrenheit at the compressor inlet and 1300 degrees Fahrenheit at the turbine inlet. Assuming an 80 percent compressor efficiency and an 80 percent turbine efficiency. A regenerator with an 80 percent efficiency is installed at the power plant. Determine the variation of particular heats with temperature using specific heats. a. The back work ratio b.The thermal efficiencyarrow_forwardThe net work output and the thermal efficiency for the Carnot and the simple ideal Rankine cycles with steam as the working fluid are to be calculated and compared. Steam enters the turbine in both cases at 5 MPa as a saturated vapor, and the condenser pressure is 50 kPa. In the Rankine cycle, the condenser exit state is saturated liquid and in the Carnot cycle, the boiler inlet state is saturated liquid. Draw the T-s diagrams for both cycles.arrow_forwardIf the isentropic compression ratio of a Carnot cycle is 5 and the lower temperature limit of the cycle is 250C, determine the power that the engine can produce if the heat added amounts to 45kW. Assume that the cycle is an air standard cycle.arrow_forward
- A four-cylinder, four-stroke, spark-ignition engine operates on the ideal Otto cycle with a compression ratio of 11 and a total displacement volume of 1.8 L. The air is at 90 kPa and 50°C at the beginning of the compression process. The heat input is 0.5 kJ per cycle per cylinder. Determine the maximum temperature and pressure that occur during the cycle.arrow_forwardA six-cylinder, 4-L spark-ignition engine operating on the ideal Otto cycle takes in air at 90 kPa and 20°C. The minimum enclosed volume is 15 percent of the maximum enclosed volume. When operated at 2500 rpm, this engine produces 90 hp. Determine the rate of heat addition to this engine. Use constant specific heats at room temperature.arrow_forwardA simple ideal Brayton cycle operates with air with minimum and maximum temperatures of 27°C and 877°C. It is designed so that the maximum cycle pressure is 2000 kPa and the minimum cycle pressure is 100 kPa. Determine the net work produced per unit mass of air each time this cycle is executed and the cycle's thermal efficiency. Use constant specific heats at room temperature. The properties of air at room temperature are cp=1.005 kJ/kg-K and k = 1.4. 2 Compressor 0 Qout lin Turbine W The net work produced per unit mass of air is The thermal efficiency is %. kJ/kg. harrow_forward
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