PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. VOL.1+2 (LL)(11TH)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780198826910
Author: ATKINS
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Chapter 9, Problem 9A.1DQ
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The role of Born-Oppenheimer approximation in the valence bond calculation of a molecular potential energy surface or curve is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The Schrodinger’s equation can be solved exactly for a hydrogen atom. However, the exact solution of the Schrödinger’s equation is not possible for other molecules as even the simplest molecule contains at least three particles. Therefore, Born-Oppenheimer approximation is used.
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Identifying electron-donating and electron-withdrawing effects on benzene
For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the
benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene.
Inductive Effects
Resonance Effects
Overall Electron-Density
Molecule
CF3
O donating
O donating
O withdrawing
O withdrawing
O no inductive effects
O no resonance effects
electron-rich
electron-deficient
O similar to benzene
CH3
O donating
O withdrawing
O no inductive effects
O donating
O withdrawing
Ono resonance effects
O electron-rich
O electron-deficient
O similar to benzene
Explanation
Check
Х
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* Hint: Think back to Chem 1 solubility rules.
Follow Up Questions for Part B
12. What impact do the following disturbances to a system at equilibrium have on k, the rate constant
for the forward reaction? Explain. (4 pts)
a) Changing the concentration of a reactant or product. (2 pts)
b) Changing the temperature of an exothermic reaction. (2 pts)
of
Draw TWO general chemical equation to prepare Symmetrical and non-Symmetrical ethers
Draw 1 chemical reaction of an ether
Chapter 9 Solutions
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. VOL.1+2 (LL)(11TH)
Ch. 9 - Prob. 9B.1STCh. 9 - Prob. 9A.1DQCh. 9 - Prob. 9A.2DQCh. 9 - Prob. 9A.3DQCh. 9 - Prob. 9A.4DQCh. 9 - Prob. 9A.5DQCh. 9 - Prob. 9A.1AECh. 9 - Prob. 9A.1BECh. 9 - Prob. 9A.2AECh. 9 - Prob. 9A.2BE
Ch. 9 - Prob. 9A.3AECh. 9 - Prob. 9A.3BECh. 9 - Prob. 9A.4AECh. 9 - Prob. 9A.4BECh. 9 - Prob. 9A.5AECh. 9 - Prob. 9A.5BECh. 9 - Prob. 9A.6AECh. 9 - Prob. 9A.6BECh. 9 - Prob. 9A.7AECh. 9 - Prob. 9A.7BECh. 9 - Prob. 9A.8AECh. 9 - Prob. 9A.8BECh. 9 - Prob. 9A.1PCh. 9 - Prob. 9A.2PCh. 9 - Prob. 9A.3PCh. 9 - Prob. 9B.2DQCh. 9 - Prob. 9B.3DQCh. 9 - Prob. 9B.1AECh. 9 - Prob. 9B.1BECh. 9 - Prob. 9B.2AECh. 9 - Prob. 9B.2BECh. 9 - Prob. 9B.3AECh. 9 - Prob. 9B.3BECh. 9 - Prob. 9B.4AECh. 9 - Prob. 9B.4BECh. 9 - Prob. 9B.1PCh. 9 - Prob. 9B.2PCh. 9 - Prob. 9B.3PCh. 9 - Prob. 9C.1DQCh. 9 - Prob. 9C.2DQCh. 9 - Prob. 9C.3DQCh. 9 - Prob. 9C.4DQCh. 9 - Prob. 9C.1AECh. 9 - Prob. 9C.1BECh. 9 - Prob. 9C.2AECh. 9 - Prob. 9C.2BECh. 9 - Prob. 9C.3AECh. 9 - Prob. 9C.3BECh. 9 - Prob. 9C.4AECh. 9 - Prob. 9C.4BECh. 9 - Prob. 9C.5AECh. 9 - Prob. 9C.5BECh. 9 - Prob. 9C.6AECh. 9 - Prob. 9C.6BECh. 9 - Prob. 9C.2PCh. 9 - Prob. 9C.4PCh. 9 - Prob. 9D.1DQCh. 9 - Prob. 9D.2DQCh. 9 - Prob. 9D.3DQCh. 9 - Prob. 9D.4DQCh. 9 - Prob. 9D.1AECh. 9 - Prob. 9D.1BECh. 9 - Prob. 9D.2AECh. 9 - Prob. 9D.2BECh. 9 - Prob. 9D.3AECh. 9 - Prob. 9D.3BECh. 9 - Prob. 9D.4AECh. 9 - Prob. 9D.4BECh. 9 - Prob. 9D.5AECh. 9 - Prob. 9D.5BECh. 9 - Prob. 9D.6AECh. 9 - Prob. 9D.6BECh. 9 - Prob. 9D.7AECh. 9 - Prob. 9D.7BECh. 9 - Prob. 9D.1PCh. 9 - Prob. 9E.1DQCh. 9 - Prob. 9E.2DQCh. 9 - Prob. 9E.3DQCh. 9 - Prob. 9E.4DQCh. 9 - Prob. 9E.5DQCh. 9 - Prob. 9E.1AECh. 9 - Prob. 9E.1BECh. 9 - Prob. 9E.2AECh. 9 - Prob. 9E.2BECh. 9 - Prob. 9E.3AECh. 9 - Prob. 9E.3BECh. 9 - Prob. 9E.4AECh. 9 - Prob. 9E.4BECh. 9 - Prob. 9E.6AECh. 9 - Prob. 9E.6BECh. 9 - Prob. 9E.1PCh. 9 - Prob. 9E.2PCh. 9 - Prob. 9E.3PCh. 9 - Prob. 9E.6PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.1IACh. 9 - Prob. 9.2IACh. 9 - Prob. 9.4IA
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- Rank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic aromatic substitution. OCH 3 (Choose one) OH (Choose one) Br (Choose one) Explanation Check NO2 (Choose one) © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Aarrow_forwardFor each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Molecule Inductive Effects O donating O withdrawing O no inductive effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density ○ donating ○ withdrawing O no resonance effects O electron-rich O electron-deficient O similar to benzene Cl O donating O withdrawing ○ donating ○ withdrawing O no inductive effects O no resonance effects O Explanation Check O electron-rich O electron-deficient similar to benzene X © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessarrow_forwardIdentifying electron-donating and For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Molecule Inductive Effects NH2 ○ donating NO2 Explanation Check withdrawing no inductive effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density ○ donating O withdrawing O no resonance effects O donating O withdrawing O donating withdrawing O no inductive effects Ono resonance effects O electron-rich electron-deficient O similar to benzene O electron-rich O electron-deficient O similar to benzene olo 18 Ar 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibilityarrow_forward
- Rank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic aromatic substitution. Explanation Check Х (Choose one) OH (Choose one) OCH3 (Choose one) OH (Choose one) © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Centerarrow_forwardAssign R or S to all the chiral centers in each compound drawn below porat bg 9 Br Brarrow_forwarddescrive the energy levels of an atom and howan electron moces between themarrow_forward
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