Chapter 9, Problem 9A.5AE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The bonding in $1,3\text{-butadiene}$ has to be described by the use of hybrid orbitals.

Concept introduction:

The hybridization is the process of combining atomic orbitals together to get the appropriate directional properties and improved overlapping of atomic orbitals.  A hybrid orbital is formed by the mixing of orbital.  The mixing of a $\text{s}$ orbital and a $\text{p}$ orbital result in the formation of $\text{sp}$ hybridized orbital.  The mixing of a $\text{s}$ orbital and two $\text{p}$ orbital result in the formation of ${\text{sp}}^2$ hybridized orbital.  Similarly, other hybridized orbirtals are formed.