Chemistry for Engineering Students
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781285199023
Author: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 9, Problem 9.72PAE
9.68 What are some features of petroleum that make it such an attractive fuel?
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The enthalpy of formation of CF4(g) is -679.9
kJ/mol. Based on the enthalpy of formation of two reactions, which is more exothermic? (See attached image)
It is interesting to compare the “fuel value” of a hydrocarbonin a hypothetical world where oxygen is not thecombustion agent. The enthalpy of formation of CF4(g) is-679.9 kJ/mol. Which of the following two reactions is themore exothermic?CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) ----->CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g)CH4(g) + 4 F2(g) ------> CF4(g) + 4 HF(g)
26. When a mixture of hydrogen and bromine is maintained at normal atmospheric pressure and heated above 200°C in a
closed container, the hydrogen and bromine react to form hydrogen bromide and a gas-phase equilibrium is established.
a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the equilibrium reaction.
b) Use bond enthalpies to estimate the enthalpy change for the reaction.
c) Based on your answers to parts (a) and (b), which is more important in determining the position of this equilibrium,
the entropy effect or the energy effect?
d) In which direction will the equilibrium shift as the temperature increases above 200°C? Explain.
e) Suppose that the pressure were increased to triple its initial value. In which direction would the equilibrium shift?
f) Why is the equilibrium not established at room temperature?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Ch. 9 - Explain the economic importance of conversions...Ch. 9 - • define work and beat using the standard sign...Ch. 9 - • define state functions and explain their...Ch. 9 - • state the first law of thermodynamics in words...Ch. 9 - • use calorimetric data to obtain values for E and...Ch. 9 - • define Hfo and write formation reactions for...Ch. 9 - • explain Hess’s law in your own words.Ch. 9 - • calculate H for chemical reactions from...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.1PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.2PAE
Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.3PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.4PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.5PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.6PAECh. 9 - Define the term internal energy.Ch. 9 - How fast (in meters per second) must an iron ball...Ch. 9 - What is the kinetic energy of a single molecule of...Ch. 9 - 9.10 The kinetic energy of molecules is often used...Ch. 9 - 9.11 Analyze the units of the quantity...Ch. 9 - 9.12 How many kilojoules are equal to 3.27 L atm...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.13PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.14PAECh. 9 - 9.15 Carry out the following conversions of energy...Ch. 9 - 9.16 According to Figure 9.2, the total energy...Ch. 9 - 9.17 If a machine does 4.8103kJ of work after an...Ch. 9 - 9.18 Calculate (a) q when a system does 54J of...Ch. 9 - 9.19 If the algebraic sign of E is negative, in...Ch. 9 - 9.20 State the first law of thermodynamics briefly...Ch. 9 - 9.21 Which type of energy heat or work, is valued...Ch. 9 - 9.12 PV-work occurs when volume changes and...Ch. 9 - 9.23 Which system does not work: (a) E=436J ,...Ch. 9 - 9.29 In which case is heat added to the system:...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.25PAECh. 9 - 9.26 Gas furnaces have achieved impressive...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.27PAECh. 9 - 9.28 When an electrical appliance whose power...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.29PAECh. 9 - 9.30 For the example of shallow water and sandy...Ch. 9 - 9.31 A metal radiator is made from 26.0 kg of...Ch. 9 - 9.32 The material typically used to heat metal...Ch. 9 - 9.33 Copper wires used to transport electrical...Ch. 9 - 9.34 A copper nail and an iron nail of the same...Ch. 9 - 9.35 A piece of titanium metal with a mass of 20.8...Ch. 9 - 9.36 Define the term calibration.Ch. 9 - 9.37 A calorimeter contained 75.0 g of water at...Ch. 9 - 9.38 The energy densities of various types of coal...Ch. 9 - 9.39 How much thermal energy is required to heat...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.40PAECh. 9 - 9.41 Under what conditions does the enthalpy...Ch. 9 - 9.42 Why is enthalpy generally more useful than...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.43PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.44PAECh. 9 - 9.45 What happens to the temperature of a material...Ch. 9 - 9.46 The heat of fusion of pure silicon is 43.4...Ch. 9 - 9.47 If 14.8 kJ of heat is given off when 1.6 g of...Ch. 9 - 9.48 Calculate the energy required to convert 1.70...Ch. 9 - 9.49 Hvap=31.3 kJ/mol for acetone. If 1.40 kg of...Ch. 9 - 9.50 When a 13.0-g sample of NaOH(s) dissolves in...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.51PAECh. 9 - 9.52 Write the formation reaction for each of the...Ch. 9 - Explain why each of the following chemical...Ch. 9 - Which of the following are state functions? (a)...Ch. 9 - 9.53 Using these reactions, find the standard...Ch. 9 - 9.54 The phase change between graphite and diamond...Ch. 9 - 9.55 Hydrogen gas will react with either acetylene...Ch. 9 - 9.56 Using heats of formation tabulated in...Ch. 9 - 9.57 The heat of combustion of butane is —2877...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.60PAECh. 9 - When a reaction is exothermic, is the sum of bond...Ch. 9 - 9.58 For the reaction C2H2(g)+2H2(g)C2H6,H=136 kJ....Ch. 9 - 9.59 For the reaction N2(g)+O2(g)2NO(g),H=180.5kJ...Ch. 9 - 9.60 Nitroglycenne, C3H5(NO3)3( l ), is an...Ch. 9 - 9.61 Silane, SiH4, burns according to the...Ch. 9 - 9.62 Sulfur trioxide can be removed from the...Ch. 9 - 9.63 Reactions of hydrocarhons are often studied...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.68PAECh. 9 - 9.65 When 0.0157 g of a compound with a heat of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.70PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.71PAECh. 9 - 9.68 What are some features of petroleum that make...Ch. 9 - 9.69 How are the roles of transmission substations...Ch. 9 - 9.70 Residential electric service in the United...Ch. 9 - 9.71 In recent years, the notion of a “smart grid”...Ch. 9 - 9.72 Although it can be a nuisance when a laptop...Ch. 9 - 9.85 The figure below shows a "self-cooling"...Ch. 9 - 9.86 You make some iced tea by dropping 134 g of...Ch. 9 - A student performing a calorimetry experiment...Ch. 9 - The specific heat of gold is 0.13 J g-1K-1, and...Ch. 9 - 9.87 What will be the final temperature of a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.82PAECh. 9 - 9.89 A sample of gas is 80.0% CH4 and 20.0% C2H6...Ch. 9 - 9.90 Many engineering designs must incorporate...Ch. 9 - 9.91 You want to heat the air in your house with...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.86PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.87PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.88PAECh. 9 - 9.95 How much heat is required to convert 250 g of...Ch. 9 - 9.96 Most first aid "cold packs" are based on the...Ch. 9 - 9.97 Suppose that the working fluid inside an...Ch. 9 - 9.98 Hydrogen combines with oxygen in fuel cells...Ch. 9 - 9.99 The chemical reaction...Ch. 9 - 9.100 Two baking sheets are made of different...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.95PAECh. 9 - 9.102 A runner generates 418 kJ of energy per...Ch. 9 - 9.103 One reason why the energy density of a fuel...Ch. 9 - 9.104 An engineer is using sodium metal as a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.99PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.100PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.101PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.102PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.103PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.104PAE
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- Ff.203. what is meant by a hydrogenated oil? Why is this potentially dangerous to human health?arrow_forwardA sample of a hydrocarbon is completely combusted in presence in O2(g) to produce 21.83 g carbon dioxide, 4.47 g H2O, and 311 KJ of heat. What is the mass of hydrocarbon sample that was combusted? What is the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon? Calculate the value of Ho per empirical-formula unit of the hydrocarbon. Do you think that the hydrocarbon is one of those listed in appendix C? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardUse the following information to answer question 5. Kerosene, C₁2H26(1), is a hydrocarbon used in jet fuel. The combustion of kerosene can be represented by the following equation. 2 C12H26(1) + 370₂(g) → 24 CO₂(g) + 26 H₂O(g) + 15 029.0 kJ 5. The enthalpy change for the combustion of 1.00 kg of kerosene is A. B. C. D. Not typed, just handwritte pls. -8.82 × 10¹ kJ -4.41 x 10¹ kJ +4.41 x 10¹ kJ +8.82 x 10 kJ -arrow_forward
- 2. A 1.07 g sample of sulfur was burned in a bomb calorimeter with calorimeter constant of 2.03 kcal/°C. If the resulting temperature change was 1.17°C, what is the molar heat of combustion for sulfur in kcal/mole? 1.11arrow_forwardPlease don't provide handwritten solution ....arrow_forwardA 1.00 g sample of NH4NO3 is decomposed in a bomb calorimeter. The temperature of the calorimeter increases by 6.12 K. The heat capacity of the system is 1.23 kJ/g·K. What is the molar heat of decomposition for ammonium nitrate?arrow_forward
- Consider the combustion of liquid C₅H₈ in oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide gas and water vapor. In an experiment, 0.1063 g of C₅H₈ is combusted to produce enough heat to raise the temperature of 150.0 g of water by 7.634 °C. What quantity in moles of C₅H₈ were burned?arrow_forward3. The heat of the solution of a solid sample was determined using a coffee cup calorimeter that contains 250ml of water initially at 25C. As the sample is dissolved in the water, the temperature of the water decreased to 11C. What is the heat of the solution of the sample? Assume that the density of water is 1.00g/ml and that the coffee cup is a good insulator. Is the process endothermic or exothermic?arrow_forwardHow much energy is produced when CO2 is formed if each C-O bond releases 350 kJ?arrow_forward
- Dd.41.arrow_forward3) The energy required to dissociate an ionic solid into gaseous ions is known as the lattice energy. Sodiumchloride, NaCl, has a lattice energy of 787.3 kJ/mol. Sodium oxide, Na2O has a lattice energy of 2564 kJ/mol.Which explanation best accounts for this difference?a. Chloride has a smaller ionic radius than oxide, resulting in a lower lattice energy.b. Chloride cannot form hydrogen bonds.c. There are two sodium ions in the chemical formula, meaning there are more ions that need tobecome a gas.d. Oxygen has a -2 charge, whereas Cl has a -1 charge. This results in a stronger attraction for Na2O.arrow_forwardIn an ideal calorimeter, 10.00 mL of 3.00 M NH3 is reacted with 5.000 mL of 3.00 M HNO3. The initial temperature of the reaction was 21.23 °C and the final temperature of the reaction was 43.52 °C. Calculate the heat of neutralization (q) in joules for this reaction using the specific heat of water (4.184 J /g ·°C).arrow_forward
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