Chapter 9, Problem 9.1PP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

If the given statement “has a sour taste” is the characteristic of an acid or a base.

Introduction:

The chemical compounds or molecules which donate hydrogen ion or proton are known as acid whereas the compounds or molecules which accept the incoming hydrogen ion or proton are known as base. The value of acids on $\text{pH}$ scale is below $7$ where as bases lie above $7$. Strong acids are corrosive in nature and it can damage the skin when come in contact.

Answer to Problem 9.1PP

Correct answer:

Having sour taste is the characteristic property of acids.

Explanation of Solution

When acid is dissolved in water or comes in contact with the saliva of the mouth, it releases its proton and stimulates the neural receptors of brain, which gives feeling of tartness. Hence, sour taste is the characteristic of an acid.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

If the given statement “accepts a proton” is the characteristic of an acid or a base.

Introduction:

The chemical compounds or molecules which donate hydrogen ion or proton are known as acid whereas the compounds or molecules which accept the incoming hydrogen ion or proton are known as base. The value of acids on $\text{pH}$ scale is below $7$ where as bases lie above $7$. Strong acids are corrosive in nature and it can damage the skin when come in contact.

Answer to Problem 9.1PP

Correct answer:

Acceptance of proton is the characteristic property of bases.

Explanation of Solution

According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory of acid and base, the substance that release ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ions when dissolved in water is named as acid and which accept that proton is known as base. By accepting a proton from acid, base forms conjugate acid and donor becomes conjugate base. Hence, acceptance of proton is the characteristic of a base.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

If the given statement “produces H⁺ ions in water” is the characteristic of an acid or a base.

Introduction:

The chemical compounds or molecules which donate hydrogen ion or proton are known as acid whereas the compounds or molecules which accept the incoming hydrogen ion or proton are known as base. The value of acids on $\text{pH}$ scale is below $7$ where as bases lie above $7$. Strong acids are corrosive in nature and it can damage the skin when come in contact.

Answer to Problem 9.1PP

Correct answer:

Production of H+ ions in water is the characteristic property of acids.

Explanation of Solution

According to Arrhenius acid-base theory, the substance that release ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ions when dissolved in water is named as acid and the one which release ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ is known as base. The oxygen atom present in water is rich in electrons. The hydrogen atom of acid molecule form bond with oxygen atom, as a result it cleaves from acid. Therefore, production of ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ions in water is the characteristic of an acid.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

If the given statement “is named potassium hydroxide” is the characteristic of an acid or a base.

Introduction:

The chemical compounds or molecules which donate hydrogen ion or proton are known as acid whereas the compounds or molecules which accept the incoming hydrogen ion or proton are known as base. The value of acids on $\text{pH}$ scale is below $7$ where as bases lie above $7$. Strong acids are corrosive in nature and it can damage the skin when come in contact.

Answer to Problem 9.1PP

Correct answer:

Name ‘Potassium hydroxide’ is a characteristic of base.

Explanation of Solution

The chemical formula of potassium hydroxide is $\text{KOH}$ and it dissociate into ${\text{K}}^{+}$ and ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions when dissolved in water. According to Arrhenius acid-base theory, the substance that release ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ions when dissolved in water is named as acid and the one which release ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ is known as base. Hence, potassium hydroxide is a base. Therefore, name potassium hydroxide is a characteristic of base.