The reaction S 8 ( g ) → 4 S 2 ( g ) has Δ H ° = +237 kJ (a) The S 8 molecule has eight sulfur atoms arranged in a ring. What is the hybridization and geometry around each sulfur atom in S 8 ? (b) The average S- S bond dissociation energy is 225 kJ/mol. Using the value of Δ H ° given above, what is the S=S double bond energy in S 2 (g)? (c) Assuming that the bonding in S 2 is similar to the bonding in O 2 , give a molecular orbital description of the bonding in S 2 . Is S 2 likely to be paramagnetic or diamagnetic?
The reaction S 8 ( g ) → 4 S 2 ( g ) has Δ H ° = +237 kJ (a) The S 8 molecule has eight sulfur atoms arranged in a ring. What is the hybridization and geometry around each sulfur atom in S 8 ? (b) The average S- S bond dissociation energy is 225 kJ/mol. Using the value of Δ H ° given above, what is the S=S double bond energy in S 2 (g)? (c) Assuming that the bonding in S 2 is similar to the bonding in O 2 , give a molecular orbital description of the bonding in S 2 . Is S 2 likely to be paramagnetic or diamagnetic?
The reaction
S
8
(
g
)
→
4
S
2
(
g
)
has
Δ
H
°
= +237 kJ
(a) The S8 molecule has eight sulfur atoms arranged in a ring. What is the hybridization and geometry around each sulfur atom in S8?
(b) The average S-S bond dissociation energy is 225 kJ/mol. Using the value of
Δ
H
°
given above, what is the S=S double bond energy in S2(g)?
(c) Assuming that the bonding in S2 is similar to the bonding in O2, give a molecular orbital description of the bonding in S2. Is S2 likely to be paramagnetic or diamagnetic?
Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.
We can use Hess's Law (and some creativity!) to learn about the energetics of reactions that occur in remote environments. Consider the
atmospheric reaction,
NO + O → NO₂
(a) Use the dissociation energy of O2, 498.34 kJ/mol, and the standard heats of formation for NO (+90.25 kJ/mol) and NO₂ (+33.18 kJ/mol)
to derive the enthalpy change for this reaction.
QUESTION 14
(b) The two bonds in NO2 are equivalent, and we can use the bond strength of N₂, 945 kJ/mol, and the information given in part (a) to
determine ArxnH for
N+O+O→ NO₂
From this ArxnH, estimate the bond strength of each of the resulting N-O bonds in kJ/mol. (Note: Your answer for this part does not
necessarily depend on your answer to part a).
We can use Hess's Law (and some creativity!) to learn about the energetics of reactions that occur in remote environments. Consider the atmospheric reaction, NO + O → NO2 (a) Use the dissociation energy of O2, 498.34 kJ/mol, and the standard heats of formation for NO (+90.25 kJ/mol) and NO2 (+33.18 kJ/mol) to derive the enthalpy change for this reaction.
KCl has a lattice energy of −701 kJ/mol. Consider a generic salt, AB, where A2+ has the same radius as K + and B 2- has the same radius as Xl -. Estimate the lattice energy of the salt AB.
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