Biology (MindTap Course List)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781285423586
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 5TYU
The Calvin cycle begins when CO2 reacts with (a) phosphoenolpyruvate (b) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (c) ribulose bisphosphate (d) oxaloacetate (e) phosphoglycerate
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a)
Draw the carboxylation reaction mechanism catalyzed by Rubisco. Include the substrates, products, key amino acid residues in the active site, and important metal ions.
b)
Describe each step in the Rubisco carboxylation reaction and why the carbamylated lysine is critical for enzyme activity.
c.
Describe the purpose of the "regeneration stage" of the Calvin-Benson cycle.
Place the following components of the electron-transport chain in their proper order: (a) cytochrome c (b) Q-cytochrome coxidoreductase (c) NADH-Q reductase (d) cytochrome c oxidase (e) ubiquinone
1.
A) For the schematic of a chloroplast shown in the image attached, match the major input and output molecules of photosynthesis to the letters shown.
Molecules: CO2, H2O, O2, sugar
A:
B:
C:
D:
B) In the image attached, the light reactions are shown to take place in the thylakoid. Where specifically do these reactions take place?
C) Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 9.1 - Describe the physical properties of light and...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 9.2 - Diagram the internal structure of a chloroplast...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.2 - What is the significance that the combined...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 9.3 - Describe photosynthesis as a redox process.Ch. 9.3 - Distinguish between the light-dependent reactions...
Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.3 - In what ways do the carbon fixation reactions...Ch. 9.4 - Describe the flow of electrons through...Ch. 9.4 - Explain how a proton (H+) gradient is established...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 9.4 - PREDICT Can cyclic electron transport alone...Ch. 9.5 - Summarize the three phases of the Calvin cycle and...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 9LOCh. 9.5 - Prob. 10LOCh. 9.5 - Describe what happens in each of the three phases...Ch. 9.5 - A decrease in entropy occurs during the CO2 uptake...Ch. 9.5 - In what ways does photorespiration differ from...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 4CCh. 9.6 - Prob. 11LOCh. 9.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.7 - State the importance of photosynthesis both in a...Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.7 - Prob. 2CCh. 9 - Where is chlorophyll located in the chloroplast?...Ch. 9 - In photolysis some of the energy captured by...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 9 - In ________, electrons that have been energized by...Ch. 9 - The Calvin cycle begins when CO2 reacts with (a)...Ch. 9 - The enzyme directly responsible for almost all...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 9 - An organism characterized as a photoautotroph...Ch. 9 - VISUALIZE Draw a simple sketch illustrating a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 9 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 9 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 9 - CONNECT High-energy electrons from glucose are...Ch. 9 - PREDICT What would life be like for...Ch. 9 - EVOLUTION LINK Propose an explanation for...Ch. 9 - INTERPRET DATA The figure depicts the absorption...Ch. 9 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOAETY What strategies...
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- It is believed that the ratio of cyclic photophosphorylation to noncyclic photophosphorylation changes in response to metabolic demands. In each of the following situations, would you expect the ratio to increase, decrease, or remain unchanged? (a) Chloroplasts carrying out both the Calvin cycle and the reduction of nitrite (NO2 -) to ammonia (This process does not require ATP.) (b) Chloroplasts carrying out not only the Calvin cycle but also extensive active transport (c) Chloroplasts using both the Calvin cycle and the C4 pathwayarrow_forward2c. 2d. We know that most pigments are found in the chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells. Specifically WHERE is chlorophyll located in the chloroplast? Some PROKARYOTES are photosynthetic. Predict where the pigments might be located in these cells. Activity #3. Determining optimal wavelength of light used during spinach leaf photosynthesis Note: You'll need to read through this lab exercise and your textbook to answer these questions. Answer choices for questions #1-4 (Each answer can be used more than ADP ATP CO₂ Glucose H₂O Light NADP+ NADPH 0₂ 3. Which of the above are directly required by the light reactions? Hint: See the photosynthesis chapter in your textbook. 4. Which of the above are directly produced by the light reactions? 5. Which of the above are directly required by the Calvin cycle? 6. Which of the above are directly produced by the Calvin cycle? 11 7. (a) In our experiment, what will cause the leaf discs to float? (b) The greater the number of floating discs, the (greater…arrow_forwardNAD is reduced in which Citric Acid cycle reaction? (a) Isocitrate to oxaloacetate (b) alpha-ketoglutarate to Succinyl CoA (c) Malate to oxaloacetate (d) Succinate to fumarate (e) Oxaloacetate to Citratearrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is true?a) the ATP synthase adds electrons directly to ADP to make ATP b) acetyl CoA produced in the citric acid cycle carries electrons to the electrontransport chainc) the electron transport chain pumps protons from the cytosol into the inter-membrane space of mitochondriad) carbon monoxide is an electron transport chain blockerarrow_forwardWhich of the following terms regarding the Calvin cycle are mismatched? a.) rubisco and ATP production b.) PGAL and rearranged from glucose c.) carbon fixation and stromaarrow_forwardWhich of these molecules associated with electron transport is in the reduced state? Choose from the following: (A) cytochrome a3+++ (b) cytochrome a3++arrow_forward
- Match the terms a) Calvin cycle occurs in 1) Non-cyclic phosphorylation b) PEP carboxylase is for 2) stroma c) D1 and D2 are part of 3) PSI d) Cyclic phosphorylation belongs to 4) Cyclic phosphorylation e) ATP produced in 5) PSII f) NADPH and ATP produced in 6) C4arrow_forwardA culture of the single celled organism Chlamydomonas is actively carrying out photosynthesis in the presence of light and CO2. If you turned off the light, how would you expect the amounts of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate to change over the next minute? How about if you left the light on and removed the CO2? Please answer these questions with specific references to the Calvin cycle.arrow_forwardIt is believed that the ratio of cyclic photophosphorylation to noncyclicphotophosphorylation changes in response to metabolic demands. Ineach of the following situations, would you expect the ratio to increase,decrease, or remain unchanged?(a) Chloroplasts carrying out both the Calvin cycle and the reduction ofnitrite (NO2-) to ammonia (This process does not require ATP.)(b) Chloroplasts carrying out not only the Calvin cycle but also extensiveactive transport(c) Chloroplasts using both the Calvin cycle and the C4 pathwayarrow_forward
- 1) When a leaf on an oak tree absorbs 15,440 photons, how many glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules can be produced by the Calvin cycle? b)When a leaf on an oak tree absorbs 15,440 photons, how many glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules can be produced by the Calvin cycle?arrow_forwardIn the first step of the citric acid cycle, an acetyl group from acetyl CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form (a) pyruvate (b) citrate (c) NADH (d) ATP (e) CO2arrow_forwardThe enzyme that fixes carbon dioxide to RuBP at the beginning of the Calvin cycle is the most abundant protein on earth. It is called: A) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate B) carbon fixase C) ATP synthase D) phosphatase E) rubiscoarrow_forward
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