Biology (MindTap Course List)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781285423586
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 15TYU
EVOLUTION LINK Propose an explanation for bacteria, chloroplasts, and mitochondria all having ATP synthase complexes.
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Consider the structures and functions of mitochondria and chloroplasts. For each of the statements below, identify which part(s) of the chloroplast or mitochondrion (identified by letters in the figure below) are described. Some answers may include more than 1 letter. In those cases, separate the letters by a single space (eg. c g)
Electron transport chains are located in ------
Photosystem I and II are located in -------
Ubiquinone is located in -------
NADPH is produced in ------
Pyruvate oxidation takes place in ------
ATP is produced in ------
NAD+ is produced in -----
High H+ concentration is produced in -----
O2 is produced in -----
RuBP is produced in ------
Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is TRUE in eukaryotes?
A. For every molecule of NADH oxidized in the electron transport chain, 1 molecule of ATP is produced.
B. ATP synthase harnesses the flow of protons (hydrogen ions = H+) from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space to produce ATP.
C. ATP synthase transduces the flow of protons (hydrogen ions = H+) from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix into kinetic (mechanical) energy
D. H2O is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, being oxidized to O2 and H+.
E. All of the above are true
What are the evolutionary implications of
the similarity in structure and function of ATP synthase in chloroplasts and mitochondria?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 9.1 - Describe the physical properties of light and...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 9.2 - Diagram the internal structure of a chloroplast...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.2 - What is the significance that the combined...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 9.3 - Describe photosynthesis as a redox process.Ch. 9.3 - Distinguish between the light-dependent reactions...
Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.3 - In what ways do the carbon fixation reactions...Ch. 9.4 - Describe the flow of electrons through...Ch. 9.4 - Explain how a proton (H+) gradient is established...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 9.4 - PREDICT Can cyclic electron transport alone...Ch. 9.5 - Summarize the three phases of the Calvin cycle and...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 9LOCh. 9.5 - Prob. 10LOCh. 9.5 - Describe what happens in each of the three phases...Ch. 9.5 - A decrease in entropy occurs during the CO2 uptake...Ch. 9.5 - In what ways does photorespiration differ from...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 4CCh. 9.6 - Prob. 11LOCh. 9.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.7 - State the importance of photosynthesis both in a...Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.7 - Prob. 2CCh. 9 - Where is chlorophyll located in the chloroplast?...Ch. 9 - In photolysis some of the energy captured by...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 9 - In ________, electrons that have been energized by...Ch. 9 - The Calvin cycle begins when CO2 reacts with (a)...Ch. 9 - The enzyme directly responsible for almost all...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 9 - An organism characterized as a photoautotroph...Ch. 9 - VISUALIZE Draw a simple sketch illustrating a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 9 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 9 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 9 - CONNECT High-energy electrons from glucose are...Ch. 9 - PREDICT What would life be like for...Ch. 9 - EVOLUTION LINK Propose an explanation for...Ch. 9 - INTERPRET DATA The figure depicts the absorption...Ch. 9 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOAETY What strategies...
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- A: ATP Cellular respiration Bwater and oxygen MITOCHONDRION (animal cell) CHLOROPLAST (plant cell Examine the model depicting the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Select ALL of th choices that correctly pairs products and reactants with their place in the model. Photosynthesisarrow_forward12. Use Figure 4 for questions a-c below. 114 ATP synthase matrix intermembrane space Figure 4: Sketch of a mitochondrion https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Schema mitochondrion basic.svg Bionet, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons a. Add to the sketch to show a H* concentration gradient in an active mitochondrion. (Sketch more H* in the appropriate space. Sketch less H* in the appropriate space.) 4+ b. Sketch an arrow to represent the direction that protons flow (via diffusion) through ATP synthase. c. If the concentration of protons was equal on each side of the membrane, how would that affect the flow of protons through ATP synthase? How would that affect ATP production from glucose?arrow_forwardDraw up a scenario where a mitochondria fuses into a chloroplast successfully. Draw and explain where critical regions of mitochondria for energy will end up in the chloroplast. Your scenario should include details explaining function of important components. Your drawing and explanation should be done by your own handwriting. no word limitarrow_forward
- A) B) D) A moose eats a lily pad. Consider the model above. The lily pad produces materials (D) used by the moose in cellular respiration. The moose, then, produces materials (B) used by the lily pad in the process of photosynthesis. Given this information, what belon in the model in the place marked A? ATP water oxygen Cellular respiration glucose MITOCHONDRION (animal cell) CHLOROPLAST (plant cell) Photosynthesisarrow_forwardTOM A given enzyme is able to utilize five different substrates. The Km's have measured for each substrate. Which substrate is most likely the biochemi relevant one in the cell? In other words, which one is most likely the pred vivo substrate for this enzyme? (Choose the one best answer). Substrate 1 with KM= 4.7 × 10-1 M. Substrate 2 with Km = 1.5 × 10-2 M. Substrate 3 with KM = 1.5 x 10-8 M. × Substrate 4 with Km= 4.7 × 10-³ M Substrate 5 with KM = 4. 7 × 10-5 Marrow_forwardFor the following questions, choose one to discuss: chloroplast/photosynthesis State at the outset which one you will discuss. A) What role do proton gradients play in the process of photosynthesis proton gradients allow B) Where are proton gradients formed? Within what structures are they seen in chloroplasts How do the structures help them to maintain a gradient? C) Explain where and how the chloroplast or mitochondria uses passive transport and active transport to complete photosynthesis or cellular respiration.arrow_forward
- Sketch the double-membrane system of the mitochondrion and show where electron transfer chains and ATP synthases are located.arrow_forwardWhat does the following figure represent? The last steps of anaerobic cellular respiration. b) Oxidative phosphorylation. c) The electron transport chain (ETC) only. d) Chemiosmosis only. e) The light reactions of photosynthesis.arrow_forwardDraw a diagram depicting the processes of electron transport and chemiosmosis in the mitochondrion. Label inner membrane, intermembrane space, matrix, electron transport complexes I through IV, and ATP synthase. Use arrows to show the movement of H + ions into and out of the intermembrane space. Show where electrons from both NADH and FADH2 are introduced into the electron transport chain, the reduction of free oxygen to form water, and the synthesis of ATParrow_forward
- Q1: What are the products of cellular respiration? Q2: Considering the inputs and products of each process, why is cellular respiration considered the reciprocal process to photosynthesis? Q3: Which of the three stages of cellular respiration—glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, or oxidative phosphorylation—could organisms have used 4 billion years ago, before photosynthesis by cyanobacteria released oxygen into the atmosphere?arrow_forwardPhotosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration both rely on electron transport chains to generate ATP. Which of the following does not correctly identify similarities and differences in the ETCs of these processes? a) Electrons delivered to the ETC are used to generate a proton gradient across the membrane b) In photosynthesis, the facilitated diffusion of protons across the membrane generates ATP and glucose molecules; in cellular respiration, this process generates ATP c) In photosynthesis, electrons are delivered to the ETC by NADPH; in cellular respiration, electrons are delivered to the ETC by NADH and FADH2 d) In prokaryotes, active transport moves protons across the cell’s plasma membrane during photosynthesis and cellular respirationarrow_forwardGive an example of two types of plant cells that lack chloroplasts. How do plant cells that lack chloroplasts produce the ATP they need? Do plant cells that contain chloroplasts also contain mitochondria?arrow_forward
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Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells (Updated); Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pxujitlv8wc;License: Standard youtube license