Chapter 9, Problem 5PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Diastereomers, chemically nonequivalent sets of protons, and ${}^1\text{H}-\text{NMR}$ signals are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is one of the most capable analytical techniques used for determining the functional groups and how the atoms are structured and arranged in a molecule.

When a compound containing protons or carbon-13 placed under very strong magnetic field and treated with electromagnetic energy radiation of suitable frequency, the nuclei of the compound absorbs energy through a process called magnetic resonance.

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a graph showing characteristic energy absorption frequencies and intensities of a compound under magnetic field.

When each of two hydrogens are replaced by a same group, then the compounds formed are enantiomers and the hydrogens are called enantiotopic hydrogens. Significance of enantiotopic hydrogens is that they give only one signal in ${}^1\text{H}-\text{NMR}$

When each of two hydrogens are replaced by a same group, then the compounds formed are diastereomers and the hydrogens are called diastereotopic hydrogens. Diastereotopic hydrogens give us two different signals in ${}^1\text{H}-\text{NMR}$