Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
From the given set of compounds, the compounds with highest boiling point, lowest freezing point, smallest vapor pressure, greatest viscosity, greatest heat of vaporization, smallest enthalpy of fusion have to be identified and the same has to be justified.
Concept Introduction:
Matter is generally classified into three distinct categories viz., solid state, liquid state, gaseous state. In all of these three states of matter, the constituents (molecules or ions) of the matter do possess forces between them which are not the same in each state. These forces are called intermolecular forces.
The intermolecular forces are relatively strong in the solids than liquids and weaker in the gaseous substances. This variation influences many of the properties of all the three distinct
The strength of intermolecular forces is,
(a)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Answer to Problem 42E
The compound with highest boiling point is
Explanation of Solution
Identify the compound which has highest boiling point and justify it.
Analyze why the other compounds don’t have the highest boiling point and justify the same.
The compounds other than
The compound with the highest boiling point is identified and the same is justified.
(b)
Interpretation:
From the given set of compounds, the compounds with highest boiling point, lowest freezing point, smallest vapor pressure, greatest viscosity, greatest heat of vaporization, smallest enthalpy of fusion have to be identified and the same has to be justified.
Concept Introduction:
Matter is generally classified into three distinct categories viz., solid state, liquid state, gaseous state. In all of these three states of matter, the constituents (molecules or ions) of the matter do possess forces between them which are not the same in each state. These forces are called intermolecular forces.
The intermolecular forces are relatively strong in the solids than liquids and weaker in the gaseous substances. This variation influences many of the properties of all the three distinct states of the matter. Compounds with strong intermolecular forces have high melting point, boiling point, freezing point, viscosity enthalpy of vaporization, enthalpy of fusion and low vapor pressure.
The strength of intermolecular forces is,
(b)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Answer to Problem 42E
The compound with lowest freezing point is
Explanation of Solution
Identify the compound which has lowest freezing point and justify it.
The compound with lowest freezing point is
Analyze why the other compounds don’t have the lowest freezing point and justify the same.
The compounds other than
The other compounds
The compound with the lowest boiling point is identified and the same is justified.
(c)
Interpretation:
From the given set of compounds, the compounds with highest boiling point, lowest freezing point, smallest vapor pressure, greatest viscosity, greatest heat of vaporization, smallest enthalpy of fusion have to be identified and the same has to be justified.
Concept Introduction:
Matter is generally classified into three distinct categories viz., solid state, liquid state, gaseous state. In all of these three states of matter, the constituents (molecules or ions) of the matter do possess forces between them which are not the same in each state. These forces are called intermolecular forces.
The intermolecular forces are relatively strong in the solids than liquids and weaker in the gaseous substances. This variation influences many of the properties of all the three distinct states of the matter. Compounds with strong intermolecular forces have high melting point, boiling point, freezing point, viscosity enthalpy of vaporization, enthalpy of fusion and low vapor pressure.
The strength of intermolecular forces is,
(c)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Answer to Problem 42E
The compound with lowest vapor pressure is
Explanation of Solution
Identify the compound which has lowest vapor pressure and justify it.
The compound
A boiling liquid partly vaporizes and the vaporized molecules do exist in equilibrium with the liquid molecules. The pressure exerted by the vaporized molecules is termed as vapor pressure. Molecules are able to move freely if the intermolecular forces are weak. The more the free movement of molecules the more will be the pressure exerted by them. If the intermolecular forces are strong, the movement of the molecules is restricted to some extent that the pressure exerted by them will be low. Thus increase in the strength of intermolecular forces in a substance decreases its vapor pressure.
Analyze why the other compounds don’t have the lowest vapor pressure and justify the same.
The intermolecular forces exist in them are not of high strength.
In
The compound with the lowest vapor pressure is identified and the same is justified.
(d)
Interpretation:
From the given set of compounds, the compounds with highest boiling point, lowest freezing point, smallest vapor pressure, greatest viscosity, greatest heat of vaporization, smallest enthalpy of fusion have to be identified and the same has to be justified.
Concept Introduction:
Matter is generally classified into three distinct categories viz., solid state, liquid state, gaseous state. In all of these three states of matter, the constituents (molecules or ions) of the matter do possess forces between them which are not the same in each state. These forces are called intermolecular forces.
The intermolecular forces are relatively strong in the solids than liquids and weaker in the gaseous substances. This variation influences many of the properties of all the three distinct states of the matter. Compounds with strong intermolecular forces have high melting point, boiling point, freezing point, viscosity enthalpy of vaporization, enthalpy of fusion and low vapor pressure.
The strength of intermolecular forces is,
(d)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Answer to Problem 42E
The compound with greatest viscosity is
Explanation of Solution
Identify the compound which has highest viscosity and justify it.
Viscosity of a liquid is its resistance to flow. A liquid is said to be highly viscous if it hardly flows. When the intermolecular forces are strong, the molecules are unable to move freely. The strong hydrogen bonding in the molecules of
Analyze why the other compounds don’t have the highest viscosity and justify the same.
The intermolecular forces exist in them are not of high strength.
The compound with the highest viscosity is identified and the same is justified.
(e)
Interpretation:
From the given set of compounds, the compounds with highest boiling point, lowest freezing point, smallest vapor pressure, greatest viscosity, greatest heat of vaporization, smallest enthalpy of fusion have to be identified and the same has to be justified.
Concept Introduction:
Matter is generally classified into three distinct categories viz., solid state, liquid state, gaseous state. In all of these three states of matter, the constituents (molecules or ions) of the matter do possess forces between them which are not the same in each state. These forces are called intermolecular forces.
The intermolecular forces are relatively strong in the solids than liquids and weaker in the gaseous substances. This variation influences many of the properties of all the three distinct states of the matter. Compounds with strong intermolecular forces have high melting point, boiling point, freezing point, viscosity enthalpy of vaporization, enthalpy of fusion and low vapor pressure.
The strength of intermolecular forces is,
(e)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Answer to Problem 42E
The compound with greatest heat of vaporization is
Explanation of Solution
Identify the compound which has highest heat of vaporization and justify it.
The compound with highest heat of vaporization is
Analyze why the other compounds don’t have the highest heat of vaporization and justify the same.
The low strength of intermolecular forces in
Unlike
The compound with the highest heat of vaporization is identified and the same is justified.
(f)
Interpretation:
From the given set of compounds, the compounds with highest boiling point, lowest freezing point, smallest vapor pressure, greatest viscosity, greatest heat of vaporization, smallest enthalpy of fusion have to be identified and the same has to be justified.
Concept Introduction:
Matter is generally classified into three distinct categories viz., solid state, liquid state, gaseous state. In all of these three states of matter, the constituents (molecules or ions) of the matter do possess forces between them which are not the same in each state. These forces are called intermolecular forces.
The intermolecular forces are relatively strong in the solids than liquids and weaker in the gaseous substances. This variation influences many of the properties of all the three distinct states of the matter. Compounds with strong intermolecular forces have high melting point, boiling point, freezing point, viscosity enthalpy of vaporization, enthalpy of fusion and low vapor pressure.
The strength of intermolecular forces is,
(f)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Answer to Problem 42E
The compound with lowest enthalpy of fusion is
Explanation of Solution
Identify the compound which has lowest enthalpy of fusion and justify it.
The compound with lowest enthalpy of fusion is
Analyze why the other compounds don’t have the lowest enthalpy of vaporization and justify the same.
The intermolecular forces in the compounds given except
The compound with the lowest enthalpy of fusion is identified and the same is justified.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 9 Solutions
EBK CHEMISTRY: AN ATOMS FIRST APPROACH
- ASP.....arrow_forwardQuestion 7 (10 points) Identify the carboxylic acid present in each of the following items and draw their structures: Food Vinegar Oranges Yogurt Sour Milk Pickles Acid Structure Paragraph ✓ BI UAE 0118 + v Task: 1. Identify the carboxylic acid 2. Provide Name 3. Draw structure 4. Take a picture of your table and insert Add a File Record Audio Record Video 11.arrow_forwardCheck the box under each structure in the table that is an enantiomer of the molecule shown below. If none of them are, check the none of the above box under the table. Molecule 1 Molecule 2 IZ IN Molecule 4 Molecule 5 ZI none of the above ☐ Molecule 3 Х IN www Molecule 6 NH Garrow_forward
- Highlight each chiral center in the following molecule. If there are none, then check the box under the drawing area. There are no chiral centers. Cl Cl Highlightarrow_forwardA student proposes the following two-step synthesis of an ether from an alcohol A: 1. strong base A 2. R Is the student's proposed synthesis likely to work? If you said the proposed synthesis would work, enter the chemical formula or common abbreviation for an appropriate strong base to use in Step 1: If you said the synthesis would work, draw the structure of an alcohol A, and the structure of the additional reagent R needed in Step 2, in the drawing area below. If there's more than one reasonable choice for a good reaction yield, you can draw any of them. ☐ Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Yes No ロ→ロ 0|0 G Х D : ☐ பarrow_forwardटे Predict the major products of this organic reaction. Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between different major products. ☐ ☐ : ☐ + NaOH HO 2 Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forward
- Shown below are five NMR spectra for five different C6H10O2 compounds. For each spectrum, draw the structure of the compound, and assign the spectrum by labeling H's in your structure (or in a second drawing of the structure) with the chemical shifts of the corresponding signals (which can be estimated to nearest 0.1 ppm). IR information is also provided. As a reminder, a peak near 1700 cm-1 is consistent with the presence of a carbonyl (C=O), and a peak near 3300 cm-1 is consistent with the presence of an O–H. Extra information: For C6H10O2 , there must be either 2 double bonds, or 1 triple bond, or two rings to account for the unsaturation. There is no two rings for this problem. A strong band was observed in the IR at 1717 cm-1arrow_forwardPredict the major products of the organic reaction below. : ☐ + Х ك OH 1. NaH 2. CH₂Br Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forwardNG NC 15Show all the steps you would use to synthesize the following products shown below using benzene and any organic reagent 4 carbons or less as your starting material in addition to any inorganic reagents that you have learned. NO 2 NC SO3H NO2 OHarrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305957404/9781305957404_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305079243/9781305079243_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781133611097/9781133611097_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781337398909/9781337398909_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305580343/9781305580343_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781285199047/9781285199047_smallCoverImage.gif)