General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780132931281
Author: Ralph H. Petrucci, F. Geoffrey Herring, Jeffry D. Madura, Carey Bissonnette
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 41E
Arrange the following species in order of increasing polarizability: N, S, Be, K, O.
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A.) What is meant by the term polarizability?
B.) Which of the following atoms would you expect to be most polarizable? O2, S, Se, or Te
7.
Which of the following has the smallest ionic radius?
(А) рз-
(В) к1*
(C) Sc3+
(D) Ar
Coulomb's Law yields an expression for the energy of interaction for a pair of point charges.
V = 2.31x10^-19 Q1Q2
r
V is the energy (in J) required to bring the two charges from infinite distance separation to distance r (in nm).Q1 and Q2 are the charges in terms of electrons.(i.e. the constant in the above expression is 2.31×10-19 J nm electrons-2)
For a group of "point" charges (e.g. ions) the total energy of interaction is the sum of the interaction energies for the individual pairs.Calculate the energy of interaction for the square arrangement of ions shown in the diagram below
Chapter 9 Solutions
General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
Ch. 9 - Prob. 1ECh. 9 - Suppose that lanthanum (Z = 57) were a newly...Ch. 9 - The following densities, in grams per cubic...Ch. 9 - The blowing melting points are in degrees Celsius....Ch. 9 - Mendeleev's periodic table did not preclude the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 6ECh. 9 - Prob. 7ECh. 9 - Concerning the incomplete seventh period of the...Ch. 9 - For each of the following pairs, indicate the atom...Ch. 9 - Indicate the smallest and the largest species...
Ch. 9 - Explain why the radii of atoms do not simply...Ch. 9 - The masses of individual atoms can be determined...Ch. 9 - Which is (a) the smallest atom in group 13; (b)...Ch. 9 - How would you expect the sizes of the hydrogen...Ch. 9 - Prob. 15ECh. 9 - Explain why the generalizations presented in...Ch. 9 - Among the following ions, several pairs are...Ch. 9 - Prob. 18ECh. 9 - All the isoelectronic species illustrated in the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 20ECh. 9 - Use principles established in this chapter to...Ch. 9 - Are there any atoms for which the second...Ch. 9 - Some electron affinities are negative quantities,...Ch. 9 - How much energy, in pules, must be absorbed to...Ch. 9 - How much energy, in kilojoules, is required to...Ch. 9 - Prob. 26ECh. 9 - The production of gaseous bromide ions from...Ch. 9 - Use ionization energies and electron affinities...Ch. 9 - The Naa ion and the Ne atom are isoelectronic. The...Ch. 9 - Prob. 30ECh. 9 - Compare the elements Al, Si, S, and Cl. a. Place...Ch. 9 - Compare the elements Na, Mg, O, and P. a. Place...Ch. 9 - Unpaired electrons are found in only one of the...Ch. 9 - Which of the following species has the greatest...Ch. 9 - Which of the following species would you expect to...Ch. 9 - Write electron configurations consistent with the...Ch. 9 - Must all atoms with an odd atomic number be...Ch. 9 - Neither Co24 nor Co24 has 4s electrons in its...Ch. 9 - Use ideas presented in this chapter to indicate...Ch. 9 - Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing...Ch. 9 - Arrange the following species in order of...Ch. 9 - For the following groups of elements, select the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 43ECh. 9 - Of the species Naa, Na, F, and F-, which has the...Ch. 9 - Match each of the lettered items on the left with...Ch. 9 - Prob. 46ECh. 9 - Which of the following ions are unlikely to be...Ch. 9 - Which of the following ions are likely to be found...Ch. 9 - Four atoms and/or ions are sketched below in...Ch. 9 - Prob. 50IAECh. 9 - In Mendeleev's time, indium oxide, which is 82.5%...Ch. 9 - Instead of accepting the atomic mass of indium...Ch. 9 - Refer to Figure 9-11 and explain why the...Ch. 9 - Explain why the third ionization energy of Li(g)...Ch. 9 - Prob. 55IAECh. 9 - Prob. 56IAECh. 9 - Studies done in 1880 showed that a chloride of...Ch. 9 - Assume that atoms are herd spheres, and use the...Ch. 9 - When sodium chloride is strongly heated in a...Ch. 9 - Use information from Chapters 8 and 9 to calculate...Ch. 9 - Refer only to the periodic table on the inside...Ch. 9 - Refer to the footnote on page 393. Then use values...Ch. 9 - Prob. 63IAECh. 9 - Prob. 64IAECh. 9 - The work functions for a number of metals are...Ch. 9 - The following are a few elements and their...Ch. 9 - Gaseous sodium atoms absorb quanta with the...Ch. 9 - A method for estimating electron affinities is to...Ch. 9 - We have seen that the wave functions of...Ch. 9 - In your own words, define the following terms (a)...Ch. 9 - Briefly describe each of the following ideas or...Ch. 9 - Explain the important distinctions between each...Ch. 9 - Prob. 73SAECh. 9 - Prob. 74SAECh. 9 - Prob. 75SAECh. 9 - Prob. 76SAECh. 9 - Prob. 77SAECh. 9 - An ion that is isoelectronic with Se2- is (a) S2-...Ch. 9 - Write electron configurations to show the first...Ch. 9 - Explain why the first ionization energy of Mg is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 81SAECh. 9 - Prob. 82SAECh. 9 - Find three pairs of elements that are out of order...Ch. 9 - Prob. 84SAECh. 9 - Prob. 85SAECh. 9 - Prob. 86SAECh. 9 - Prob. 87SAECh. 9 - Prob. 88SAECh. 9 - In multielectron atoms many of the periodic trends...Ch. 9 - Consider a nitrogen atom in the ground state and...Ch. 9 - Prob. 91SAECh. 9 - Describe how the ionization energies of the ions...Ch. 9 - Prob. 93SAECh. 9 - Prob. 94SAECh. 9 - When compared to a nonmetal of the same period, a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 96SAECh. 9 - Which of the following has a smaller radius than a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 98SAECh. 9 - The electrons lost when Fe ionizes to Fe2- are (a)...Ch. 9 - Prob. 100SAE
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 25. Arrange each set in order of increasing radius, and explain the basis for this order. (a) Al, B, K, Mg, Ar (b) P, Br, Br, Cl, Krarrow_forward6. Explain the below diagram using N2 as an example [7] D Decrease Size of Atom Decre 000 Polarizability 00arrow_forwardIn each of the following sets, choose the one with the highest ionization energy а. К, К", Са, Са*? b. Co, Ni, Cu, Znarrow_forward
- Coulomb's Law yields an expression for the energy of interaction for a pair of point charges. 2.31 x 10-19Q1 Q2 V= V is the energy (in J) required to bring the two charges from infinite distance separation to distance r (in nm). Q1 and Q2 are the charges in terms of electrons. (i.e. the constant in the above expression is 2.31x10-19 J nm electrons²) For a group of "point" charges (e.g. ions) the total energy of interaction is the sum of the interaction energies for the individual pairs. Calculate the energy of interaction for the linear arrangement of ions shown in the diagram below. -2 d +2 d = 0.670 nm. -2 (+2) darrow_forwardArrange the following species in increasing size: Al, Al3+, S, and S2‒ S2– < Al < S < Al3+ Al3+ < Al < S < S2‒ S < Al3+ < Al < S2‒ S2‒ < Al < Al3+ < S Al3+ < S < Al < S2‒arrow_forward7. Which element has the smallest first ionization energy? (a) Cs (b) Ga (c) K (d) Bi (e) As 8. Which element has the smallest second ionization energy? (a) Mg (b) Li (c) S (d) O (e) Ca 9. Which of the following sets contain all linear molecules? (a) H2S, HCN, CO2. (b) HCN, O2, CO2 (c) H2O, CO, Cl2. (d) H2S, CO, CO2. (e) BF3, Cl2, O2 10. The molecular geometry of SnCl3-ion is: (a) trigonal planar (b) T-shaped. (c) trigonal pyramidal. (d) Tetrahedral (e) see-saw 11. The geometry of the molecule SPC13 is best described as: (a) square planar (b) trigonal pyramidal (c) trigonal bipyramidal. (d) octahedral (e) tetrahedral 12. The O-S-Cl bond angles in O2SCl2 are expected to be approximately: (a) 90° (b) 109.5° (c) 120° (d)180 ° (e) 90° and 120°arrow_forward
- Order Na+, Mg2+, O2- and F- from smallest to largest radius.arrow_forwardEnergy of Interaction of Point Charges Coulomb's Law yields an expression for the energy of interaction for a pair of point charges. V = V is the energy (in J) required to bring the two charges from infinite distance separation to distance r (in nm). Q1 and Q₂ are the charges in terms of electrons. (i.e. the constant in the above expression is 2.31x10-19 J nm electrons-2) d For a group of "point" charges (e.g. ions) the total energy of interaction is the sum of the interaction energies for the individual pairs. Calculate the energy of interaction for the square arrangement of ions shown in the diagram below. (+2) 2.31 x 10-1⁹Q1 Q2 d T d = 0.900 nm. (+2) darrow_forwardArrange Ga, As, and Br in terms of increasing Zeff values acting on a valence electron. Assume that the valence electrons contribute nothing to the Zeff values. (Use the appropriate <, =, or > symbol to separate substances in the list.)arrow_forward
- For each pair, identify the orbital in which an electron possesses more energy. (a) 4s or 5s; (b) 5p or 5darrow_forwardWrite the electron configurations for (a) Ca2+, (b) Co3+, and (c) S2-.arrow_forwardWhich of the following species has the smallest ionic radius? S2- CI- A13+ D Na+ Mg2+arrow_forward
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