General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780132931281
Author: Ralph H. Petrucci, F. Geoffrey Herring, Jeffry D. Madura, Carey Bissonnette
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 19E
All the isoelectronic species illustrated in the text had the electron configurations of noble gases. Can two ions be isoelectronic without having noble-gas electron configurations? Explain.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
Ch. 9 - Prob. 1ECh. 9 - Suppose that lanthanum (Z = 57) were a newly...Ch. 9 - The following densities, in grams per cubic...Ch. 9 - The blowing melting points are in degrees Celsius....Ch. 9 - Mendeleev's periodic table did not preclude the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 6ECh. 9 - Prob. 7ECh. 9 - Concerning the incomplete seventh period of the...Ch. 9 - For each of the following pairs, indicate the atom...Ch. 9 - Indicate the smallest and the largest species...
Ch. 9 - Explain why the radii of atoms do not simply...Ch. 9 - The masses of individual atoms can be determined...Ch. 9 - Which is (a) the smallest atom in group 13; (b)...Ch. 9 - How would you expect the sizes of the hydrogen...Ch. 9 - Prob. 15ECh. 9 - Explain why the generalizations presented in...Ch. 9 - Among the following ions, several pairs are...Ch. 9 - Prob. 18ECh. 9 - All the isoelectronic species illustrated in the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 20ECh. 9 - Use principles established in this chapter to...Ch. 9 - Are there any atoms for which the second...Ch. 9 - Some electron affinities are negative quantities,...Ch. 9 - How much energy, in pules, must be absorbed to...Ch. 9 - How much energy, in kilojoules, is required to...Ch. 9 - Prob. 26ECh. 9 - The production of gaseous bromide ions from...Ch. 9 - Use ionization energies and electron affinities...Ch. 9 - The Naa ion and the Ne atom are isoelectronic. The...Ch. 9 - Prob. 30ECh. 9 - Compare the elements Al, Si, S, and Cl. a. Place...Ch. 9 - Compare the elements Na, Mg, O, and P. a. Place...Ch. 9 - Unpaired electrons are found in only one of the...Ch. 9 - Which of the following species has the greatest...Ch. 9 - Which of the following species would you expect to...Ch. 9 - Write electron configurations consistent with the...Ch. 9 - Must all atoms with an odd atomic number be...Ch. 9 - Neither Co24 nor Co24 has 4s electrons in its...Ch. 9 - Use ideas presented in this chapter to indicate...Ch. 9 - Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing...Ch. 9 - Arrange the following species in order of...Ch. 9 - For the following groups of elements, select the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 43ECh. 9 - Of the species Naa, Na, F, and F-, which has the...Ch. 9 - Match each of the lettered items on the left with...Ch. 9 - Prob. 46ECh. 9 - Which of the following ions are unlikely to be...Ch. 9 - Which of the following ions are likely to be found...Ch. 9 - Four atoms and/or ions are sketched below in...Ch. 9 - Prob. 50IAECh. 9 - In Mendeleev's time, indium oxide, which is 82.5%...Ch. 9 - Instead of accepting the atomic mass of indium...Ch. 9 - Refer to Figure 9-11 and explain why the...Ch. 9 - Explain why the third ionization energy of Li(g)...Ch. 9 - Prob. 55IAECh. 9 - Prob. 56IAECh. 9 - Studies done in 1880 showed that a chloride of...Ch. 9 - Assume that atoms are herd spheres, and use the...Ch. 9 - When sodium chloride is strongly heated in a...Ch. 9 - Use information from Chapters 8 and 9 to calculate...Ch. 9 - Refer only to the periodic table on the inside...Ch. 9 - Refer to the footnote on page 393. Then use values...Ch. 9 - Prob. 63IAECh. 9 - Prob. 64IAECh. 9 - The work functions for a number of metals are...Ch. 9 - The following are a few elements and their...Ch. 9 - Gaseous sodium atoms absorb quanta with the...Ch. 9 - A method for estimating electron affinities is to...Ch. 9 - We have seen that the wave functions of...Ch. 9 - In your own words, define the following terms (a)...Ch. 9 - Briefly describe each of the following ideas or...Ch. 9 - Explain the important distinctions between each...Ch. 9 - Prob. 73SAECh. 9 - Prob. 74SAECh. 9 - Prob. 75SAECh. 9 - Prob. 76SAECh. 9 - Prob. 77SAECh. 9 - An ion that is isoelectronic with Se2- is (a) S2-...Ch. 9 - Write electron configurations to show the first...Ch. 9 - Explain why the first ionization energy of Mg is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 81SAECh. 9 - Prob. 82SAECh. 9 - Find three pairs of elements that are out of order...Ch. 9 - Prob. 84SAECh. 9 - Prob. 85SAECh. 9 - Prob. 86SAECh. 9 - Prob. 87SAECh. 9 - Prob. 88SAECh. 9 - In multielectron atoms many of the periodic trends...Ch. 9 - Consider a nitrogen atom in the ground state and...Ch. 9 - Prob. 91SAECh. 9 - Describe how the ionization energies of the ions...Ch. 9 - Prob. 93SAECh. 9 - Prob. 94SAECh. 9 - When compared to a nonmetal of the same period, a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 96SAECh. 9 - Which of the following has a smaller radius than a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 98SAECh. 9 - The electrons lost when Fe ionizes to Fe2- are (a)...Ch. 9 - Prob. 100SAE
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- What neutral atoms are isoelectronic with the following ions? (a) Pb4+ (b) Br (c) S2 (d) Ni3+arrow_forwardUse electron configurations to explain why (a) sulfur has a lower electron affinity than chlorine. (b) boron has a lower first ionization energy than beryllium. (c) chlorine has a lower first ionization energy than fluorine. (d) oxygen has a lower first ionization energy than nitrogen. (e) iodine has a lower electron affinity than bromine.arrow_forward• use electron configurations to explain why metals tend to form cations whereas nonmetals tend to form anions.arrow_forward
- Why is the ion not found in nature?arrow_forwardAddition of one electron gives the bromine atom a (less or more) stable electron configuration of [Kr], the noble gas next to it in the periodic table.Addition of an electron to a barium atom would produce a (less or more) stable electron configuration since it does not achieve the configuration of a nearby noble gas.arrow_forwardPotassium metal is very reactive with liquid bromine. The result of the reaction of that formation is a white ionic solid. Explain what happens to the elements when they form the ionic compound and identify the ionic compound.arrow_forward
- A certain element has a noble gas electron configuration of [Ar]4s²3d³. If it becomes an ion with a charge of 3+, its noble gas electron configuration will be?[Ar]4s²[Ar]3d²[Ar]4s¹3d² [Ar]4s²3d⁶arrow_forwardTwo sets of ionizations are shown in the tables below. Complete the tables by ordering each set of ionizations by increasing amount of energy required. In other words, for each set choose "1" next to the ionization that would require the least energy, "2" next to the ionization that would require the next least energy, and so on. ionization + Cs Cs + e + Xe → Xe te + Kr→ Kr + e energy required ? ? ? O ionization He → He + e Br→ Br te + Fr → Fr + e energy required ? ? ?arrow_forwardWrite the full electron configuration for Cl. full electron configuration: What is the atomic symbol for the noble gas that also has this electron configuration? atomic symbol:arrow_forward
- The first ionization energy of sodium is 496 kJ/mol. Use Coulomb’s law to estimate the average distance between the sodium nucleus and the 3s electron. How does this distance compare to the atomic radius of sodium? Explain the difference.arrow_forward5. Which noble gas has the lowest first ionization energy and why.arrow_forward
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