General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780132931281
Author: Ralph H. Petrucci, F. Geoffrey Herring, Jeffry D. Madura, Carey Bissonnette
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 9, Problem 30E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Forming of stable compound containing Li- ion, such as Li+Li- or Na+Li- shouldbe commented.
Concept introduction:
Lithium is the only alkali metal that does not form the anion, Li-, in solution or in the solid state.
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In the chemical process called electron transfer, an electron istransferred from one atom or molecule to another. A simpleelectron transfer reaction isA(g) + A(g)---->A+(g) + A-(g)
In terms of the ionization energy and electron affinity ofatom A, what is the energy change for this reaction? For arepresentative nonmetal such as chlorine, is this process exothermic?For a representative metal such as sodium, is thisprocess exothermic?
Consider the following data for scandium:
atomic mass 44.956
electronegativity
electron affinity
ionization energy
heat of fusion
18.1
633.1
1.36
16.
mol
Sc(g) + e
kJ
mol
kJ
mol
You may find additional useful data in the ALEKS Data tab.
+
(2) Sc (g) + e Sc (g)
kJ
mol
Does the following reaction absorb or release energy?
(1) Sc (g)
Is it possible to calculate the amount of energy absorbed
or released by reaction (1) using only the data above?
If you answered yes to the previous question, enter the
amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (1):
Does the following reaction absorb or release energy?
Is it possible to calculate the amount of energy absorbed
or released by reaction (2) using only the data above?
ο οοιο C
ο οίο ο
release
absorb
Can't be decided with the data given.
yes
no
kJ/mol
release
absorb
Can't be decided with the data given.
yes
no
Write electron configurations of
• C, N, O, F, Ne
• Be, Mg, Ca
• F, Cl, Br
• He, Ne, Ar, Kr
Chapter 9 Solutions
General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
Ch. 9 - Prob. 1ECh. 9 - Suppose that lanthanum (Z = 57) were a newly...Ch. 9 - The following densities, in grams per cubic...Ch. 9 - The blowing melting points are in degrees Celsius....Ch. 9 - Mendeleev's periodic table did not preclude the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 6ECh. 9 - Prob. 7ECh. 9 - Concerning the incomplete seventh period of the...Ch. 9 - For each of the following pairs, indicate the atom...Ch. 9 - Indicate the smallest and the largest species...
Ch. 9 - Explain why the radii of atoms do not simply...Ch. 9 - The masses of individual atoms can be determined...Ch. 9 - Which is (a) the smallest atom in group 13; (b)...Ch. 9 - How would you expect the sizes of the hydrogen...Ch. 9 - Prob. 15ECh. 9 - Explain why the generalizations presented in...Ch. 9 - Among the following ions, several pairs are...Ch. 9 - Prob. 18ECh. 9 - All the isoelectronic species illustrated in the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 20ECh. 9 - Use principles established in this chapter to...Ch. 9 - Are there any atoms for which the second...Ch. 9 - Some electron affinities are negative quantities,...Ch. 9 - How much energy, in pules, must be absorbed to...Ch. 9 - How much energy, in kilojoules, is required to...Ch. 9 - Prob. 26ECh. 9 - The production of gaseous bromide ions from...Ch. 9 - Use ionization energies and electron affinities...Ch. 9 - The Naa ion and the Ne atom are isoelectronic. The...Ch. 9 - Prob. 30ECh. 9 - Compare the elements Al, Si, S, and Cl. a. Place...Ch. 9 - Compare the elements Na, Mg, O, and P. a. Place...Ch. 9 - Unpaired electrons are found in only one of the...Ch. 9 - Which of the following species has the greatest...Ch. 9 - Which of the following species would you expect to...Ch. 9 - Write electron configurations consistent with the...Ch. 9 - Must all atoms with an odd atomic number be...Ch. 9 - Neither Co24 nor Co24 has 4s electrons in its...Ch. 9 - Use ideas presented in this chapter to indicate...Ch. 9 - Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing...Ch. 9 - Arrange the following species in order of...Ch. 9 - For the following groups of elements, select the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 43ECh. 9 - Of the species Naa, Na, F, and F-, which has the...Ch. 9 - Match each of the lettered items on the left with...Ch. 9 - Prob. 46ECh. 9 - Which of the following ions are unlikely to be...Ch. 9 - Which of the following ions are likely to be found...Ch. 9 - Four atoms and/or ions are sketched below in...Ch. 9 - Prob. 50IAECh. 9 - In Mendeleev's time, indium oxide, which is 82.5%...Ch. 9 - Instead of accepting the atomic mass of indium...Ch. 9 - Refer to Figure 9-11 and explain why the...Ch. 9 - Explain why the third ionization energy of Li(g)...Ch. 9 - Prob. 55IAECh. 9 - Prob. 56IAECh. 9 - Studies done in 1880 showed that a chloride of...Ch. 9 - Assume that atoms are herd spheres, and use the...Ch. 9 - When sodium chloride is strongly heated in a...Ch. 9 - Use information from Chapters 8 and 9 to calculate...Ch. 9 - Refer only to the periodic table on the inside...Ch. 9 - Refer to the footnote on page 393. Then use values...Ch. 9 - Prob. 63IAECh. 9 - Prob. 64IAECh. 9 - The work functions for a number of metals are...Ch. 9 - The following are a few elements and their...Ch. 9 - Gaseous sodium atoms absorb quanta with the...Ch. 9 - A method for estimating electron affinities is to...Ch. 9 - We have seen that the wave functions of...Ch. 9 - In your own words, define the following terms (a)...Ch. 9 - Briefly describe each of the following ideas or...Ch. 9 - Explain the important distinctions between each...Ch. 9 - Prob. 73SAECh. 9 - Prob. 74SAECh. 9 - Prob. 75SAECh. 9 - Prob. 76SAECh. 9 - Prob. 77SAECh. 9 - An ion that is isoelectronic with Se2- is (a) S2-...Ch. 9 - Write electron configurations to show the first...Ch. 9 - Explain why the first ionization energy of Mg is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 81SAECh. 9 - Prob. 82SAECh. 9 - Find three pairs of elements that are out of order...Ch. 9 - Prob. 84SAECh. 9 - Prob. 85SAECh. 9 - Prob. 86SAECh. 9 - Prob. 87SAECh. 9 - Prob. 88SAECh. 9 - In multielectron atoms many of the periodic trends...Ch. 9 - Consider a nitrogen atom in the ground state and...Ch. 9 - Prob. 91SAECh. 9 - Describe how the ionization energies of the ions...Ch. 9 - Prob. 93SAECh. 9 - Prob. 94SAECh. 9 - When compared to a nonmetal of the same period, a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 96SAECh. 9 - Which of the following has a smaller radius than a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 98SAECh. 9 - The electrons lost when Fe ionizes to Fe2- are (a)...Ch. 9 - Prob. 100SAE
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- 7.21 Theoretical models for the structure of atomic nuclei predict the existence of superheavy elements that have not yet been discovered and suggest that such elements might be fairly stable if they could be produced. So researchers are currently trying to synthesize these superheavy elements to test these theories. Element 117 has been synthesized and named Tennessine (Ts). What would the Lewis dot symbol be for this new element?arrow_forwardThe lattice energy of an ionic solid such as NaCl is the enthalpy change H for the process in which the solid changes to ions. For example, NaCl(s)Na+(g)+Cl(g)H=786kJ/mol Assume that the ionization energy and electron a affinity are H values for the processes defined by those terms. The ionization energy of Na is 496 kJ/mol. Use this, the electron affinity from Table 8.4, and the lattice energy of NaCl to calculate H for the following process: Na(g)+Cl(g)NaCl(s)arrow_forwardConside following data for yttrium: atomic mass 88.906 electronegativity electron affinity ionization energy heat of fusion 29.6 Y 1.22 600. 11.4 g mol kJ mol kJ mol You may find additional useful data in the ALEKS Data tab. + (2) Y (g) →Y (g) + e kJ mol Does the following reaction absorb or release energy? (1) Y(g) + e Is it possible to calculate the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (1) using only the data above? If you answered yes to the previous question, enter the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (1): Does the following reaction absorb or release energy? Is it possible to calculate the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (2) using only the data above? If you answered yes to the previous question, enter the release absorb Can't be decided with the data given. yes no kJ/mol release absorb Can't be decided with the data given. yes no П kJ/molarrow_forward
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