EBK MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING & TECHNOL
7th Edition
ISBN: 8220100793431
Author: KALPAKJIAN
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 3RQ
Name the reinforcing fibers generally used to make composites. Which type of fiber is the strongest? Which type is the weakest?
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Why are composites used in
engineering?
What is the distinction between matrix and dispersed phases in a composite material? Contrast the mechanical characteristics of matrix and dispersed phases for fiber reinforced composites.
Continuous and aligned fiber-reinforced composite with cross-sectional area of 330 mm² (0.51 in.²) is subjected to a longitudinal load
of 49200 N (11100 lbf). Assume Vf=0.3, Vm = 0.7, Ef= 131 GPa and Em = 2.4 GPa.
(a) Calculate the fiber-matrix load ratio.
(b) Calculate the actual load carried by fiber phase.
(c) Calculate the actual load carried by matrix phase.
(d) Compute the magnitude of the stress on the fiber phase.
(e) Compute the magnitude of the stress on the matrix phase.
(f) What strain is expected by the composite?
Part 1
Calculate the fiber-matrix load ratio.
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Part 2
What is the load, in N, carried by the matrix and the fibers?
(a) What is the matrix load in N?
i
(b) What is the fiber load in N?
i
N
N
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Chapter 9 Solutions
EBK MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING & TECHNOL
Ch. 9 - Distinguish between composites and metal alloys.Ch. 9 - Describe the functions of the matrix and the...Ch. 9 - Name the reinforcing fibers generally used to make...Ch. 9 - What is the range in length and diameter of...Ch. 9 - List the important factors that determine the...Ch. 9 - Comment on the advantages and limitations of...Ch. 9 - What are the most commonly used matrix materials?...Ch. 9 - Describe the advantages of hybrid composites over...Ch. 9 - What material properties are improved by the...Ch. 9 - Describe the purpose of the matrix material.
Ch. 9 - What are the most common types of glass fibers?Ch. 9 - Explain the difference between a carbon fiber and...Ch. 9 - How can a graphite fiber be made electrically and...Ch. 9 - What is a whisker? What is the difference between...Ch. 9 - Describe the composition of boron fibers. Why are...Ch. 9 - Give a succinct definition of fiber, yarn, and...Ch. 9 - How do you think the use of straw mixed with clay...Ch. 9 - What products have you personally seen that are...Ch. 9 - Describe applications that are not well suited for...Ch. 9 - Is there a difference between a composite material...Ch. 9 - Identify metals and alloys that have strengths...Ch. 9 - What limitations or disadvantages do composite...Ch. 9 - Give examples of composite materials other than...Ch. 9 - Explain why the behavior of the materials depicted...Ch. 9 - Explain why fibers are so capable of supporting a...Ch. 9 - Do metal-matrix composites have any advantages...Ch. 9 - Give reasons for the development of ceramic-matrix...Ch. 9 - Explain how you would go about determining the...Ch. 9 - How would you go about trying to determine the...Ch. 9 - Glass fibers are said to be much stronger than...Ch. 9 - Describe situations in which a glass could be used...Ch. 9 - When the American Plains states were settled, no...Ch. 9 - By incorporating small amounts of a blowing agent,...Ch. 9 - Referring to Fig. 9.2c, would there be an...Ch. 9 - Calculate the average increase in the properties...Ch. 9 - In Example 9.1, what would be the percentage of...Ch. 9 - Calculate the percent increase in the mechanical...Ch. 9 - Calculate the stress in the fibers and in the...Ch. 9 - Repeat the calculations in Example 9.1 if (a)...Ch. 9 - Refer to the properties listed in Table 7.1. If...Ch. 9 - Plot the elastic modulus and strength of an...Ch. 9 - For the data in Example 9.1, what should be the...Ch. 9 - It is desired to obtain a composite material with...Ch. 9 - A rectangular cantilever beam, 100 mm high, 20 mm...Ch. 9 - What applications for composite materials can you...Ch. 9 - Using the information given in this chapter,...Ch. 9 - Would a composite material with a strong and stiff...Ch. 9 - Make a list of products for which the use of...Ch. 9 - Inspect Fig. 9.1 and explain what other components...Ch. 9 - Name applications in which both specific strength...Ch. 9 - What applications for composite materials can you...Ch. 9 - As with other materials, the mechanical properties...Ch. 9 - Developments are taking place in techniques for...Ch. 9 - As described in this chapter, reinforced plastics...Ch. 9 - Comment on your observations on the design of the...Ch. 9 - Make a survey of various sports equipment and...Ch. 9 - Several material combinations and structures were...Ch. 9 - It is possible to make fibers or whiskers with a...Ch. 9 - Describe how you can produce some simple composite...Ch. 9 - Gel spinning is a specialized process used in...Ch. 9 - Figure P9.65 shows a section of a...
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- On the basis of fiber length and orientation, which of the following results to an 'isotropic' properties of fiber-reinforced composites. Continuous and aligned Discontinuous and randomly oriented Discontinuous and alignedarrow_forwardQ#04 (a) : What are composite materials? Discuss the functions of Re-inforcing agent and matrix materials. (b) : Name different types of advanced fibres.arrow_forwardNote: Read the question carefully and give me right solution according to the question. List three main classification of engineering Fibre-reinforced composites. Name one example of both the dispersed phase material and matrix phase material for each classification.arrow_forward
- 3. The geometry of the reinforcing phase in a composite greatly determines the overall properties. Polycarbonate has a Modulus of Elasticity=2.2 GPa, Tensile Strength-62.5 MPa. Carbon Fiber has a Modulus of Elasticity=228 GPa, Tensile Strength=3.5 GPa. For a 40 vol% carbon fiber and a 60 vol% polycarbonate matrix composite, compute the Tensile Strength and Young's Modulus for the composite for the following situations. Assume longitudinal loading. a. Continuous and aligned fibers b. Discontinuous and aligned fibers with I> le where 1 = 101, (K = 1). c. Discontinuous and aligned fibers with I< le where I= 0.51, (K = 1). d. Which of these composites is the strongest? Which is the stiffest (has the highest Young's Modulus)?arrow_forwardIt is desired to produce an aligned and continuous fiber-reinforced epoxy composite having a maximum of 50% fibers. A minimum longitudinal modulus of elasticity of 55 GPa and a minimum tensile strength of 1200 MPa are required. E-glass and carbon (PAN standard modulus) fibers are the possible candidates to select. In addition, assume the stress levels on the epoxy matrix at fiber failure are 70 MPa for E-glass fiber and 30MPa for carbon fiber, respectively. Which fiber meets the design requirement? Use the properties given in the Table below to evaluate your selection. Materials Epoxy matrix E-glass Carbon Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) 3.1 72.5 230 Tensile Strength (MPa) 69 3450 4000arrow_forwardQuestion 1 A composite material consists of 40% parallel carbon fibres with a Young’s modulus of 405 GPa in a matrix of epoxy resin with a Young’s modulus of 2.5 GPa. Calculate the Young’s modulus of the composite in the parallel and in the perpendicular directions of the fibres. Use the graphical method seen in class to show the possible value of the overall young modulus of your composite material.arrow_forward
- The rule of mixture (ROM) for composites may be used to calculate some of the physical properties of the materials. True Falsearrow_forwardClassify the types of composite materials based on the matrix and reinforcement materials. Briefly explain the main characteristics of Polymeric Matrix Composites (PMC) and their engineering applications.arrow_forwardFor a glass/epoxy lamina with a 70% fiber volume fraction using the properties in the tables provided below (a) Find the ultimate tensile strength. (b) Find the minimum and critical fiber volume fractions related to (a). (c) Find the compressive strength when the matrix undergoes extension mode and when the matrix undergoes shear mode, which one controls the compressive failure? Property Axial modulus Transverse modulus Axial Poisson's ratio Transverse Poisson's ratio Shear modulus Axial tensile strength Axial compressive strength Transverse tensile strength Transverse compressive strength Shear strength Epoxy Glass Units 3.4 85 GPa 3.4 85 GPa 0.3 0.20 0.3 0.20 1.308 35.42 GPa 72 1550 MPa 102 1550 MPa 72 1550 MPa 102 1550 MPa 34 35 MPaarrow_forward
- i) Write down the constituent materials used in the manufacture of composites. i) Identify the type of composite that is light in weight and explain the characteristics of that composites. i) Which type of composite is used for building construction and explain the characteristics of that composites?arrow_forwardPlease solve this mechanical engineering materials course questionarrow_forward7arrow_forward
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composite-materials; Author: Tonya Coffey;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vu6ik-bcKf4;License: Standard youtube license