The reason for chalk having higher melting point than motor oil and water has to be justified. Concept introduction: Matter exists in three distinct physical forms – solid, liquid and gas. There are two types of interactions present in matter – intramolecular meaning, “within the molecule” and intermolecular meaning “between the molecules”. Intramolecular force refers to the type of bonding that holds the atoms or ions together to form a stable molecule. Intermolecular force refers to the type of interaction that exists between the so formed molecules by bonding. The physical properties of a substance such as boiling point, melting point, vapor pressure, etc., of a substance depend on the type and strength of the intermolecular force exists in it. Higher the strength of these forces, higher will be the melting and boiling point. The classification is summarized as follows – Figure 1 Intramolecular forces are nothing but the type of bonding between them. Ionic compounds have electrostatic force of attraction, called “ ionic bond ” the strongest one. Atoms having high electronegativity difference with each other forms ionic bond. An atom having slight electronegativity difference with other atom forms covalent bonds. They are of two types, that is polar and non-polar depend upon the polarity of the atoms. Metallic bond is formed between the metal atoms. Figure 2 Intermolecular forces are Van der Waals forces. They are weak and are of categories - London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding . Hydrogen bonding is relatively the strongest one. It is formed in polar covalent compounds containing hydrogen and other high electronegativity like fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen. These atoms in a molecule partially bond to hydrogen of the other same molecule or within a molecule.

Question

Name the molecules & Identify any chiral center CH3CH2CH2CHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂ OH CH₂CHCH2CH3 Br CH3 CH3CHCH2CHCH2CH3 CH3

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 12Q

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for chalk having higher melting point than motor oil and water has to be justified.

Concept introduction:

Matter exists in three distinct physical forms – solid, liquid and gas. There are two types of interactions present in matter – intramolecular meaning, “within the molecule” and intermolecular meaning “between the molecules”.

Intramolecular force refers to the type of bonding that holds the atoms or ions together to form a stable molecule. Intermolecular force refers to the type of interaction that exists between the so formed molecules by bonding.

The physical properties of a substance such as boiling point, melting point, vapor pressure, etc., of a substance depend on the type and strength of the intermolecular force exists in it. Higher the strength of these forces, higher will be the melting and boiling point. The classification is summarized as follows –



                                                               Figure 1

                Intramolecular forces are nothing but the type of bonding between them. Ionic compounds have electrostatic force of attraction, called “ionic bond” the strongest one. Atoms having high electronegativity difference with each other forms ionic bond. An atom having slight electronegativity difference with other atom forms covalent bonds. They are of two types, that is polar and non-polar depend upon the polarity of the atoms. Metallic bond is formed between the metal atoms.



                                                               Figure 2

                Intermolecular forces are Van der Waals forces. They are weak and are of categories - London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is relatively the strongest one. It is formed in polar covalent compounds containing hydrogen and other high electronegativity like fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen. These atoms in a molecule partially bond to hydrogen of the other same molecule or within a molecule.

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Name the molecules & Identify any chiral center CH3CH2CH2CHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂ OH CH₂CHCH2CH3 Br CH3 CH3CHCH2CHCH2CH3 CH3

Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electrons-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s).

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 12Q

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for chalk having higher melting point than motor oil and water has to be justified.

Concept introduction:

Matter exists in three distinct physical forms – solid, liquid and gas. There are two types of interactions present in matter – intramolecular meaning, “within the molecule” and intermolecular meaning “between the molecules”.

Intramolecular force refers to the type of bonding that holds the atoms or ions together to form a stable molecule. Intermolecular force refers to the type of interaction that exists between the so formed molecules by bonding.

The physical properties of a substance such as boiling point, melting point, vapor pressure, etc., of a substance depend on the type and strength of the intermolecular force exists in it. Higher the strength of these forces, higher will be the melting and boiling point. The classification is summarized as follows –



                                                               Figure 1

                Intramolecular forces are nothing but the type of bonding between them. Ionic compounds have electrostatic force of attraction, called “ionic bond” the strongest one. Atoms having high electronegativity difference with each other forms ionic bond. An atom having slight electronegativity difference with other atom forms covalent bonds. They are of two types, that is polar and non-polar depend upon the polarity of the atoms. Metallic bond is formed between the metal atoms.



                                                               Figure 2

                Intermolecular forces are Van der Waals forces. They are weak and are of categories - London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is relatively the strongest one. It is formed in polar covalent compounds containing hydrogen and other high electronegativity like fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen. These atoms in a molecule partially bond to hydrogen of the other same molecule or within a molecule.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 12Q

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for chalk having higher melting point than motor oil and water has to be justified.

Concept introduction:

Matter exists in three distinct physical forms – solid, liquid and gas. There are two types of interactions present in matter – intramolecular meaning, “within the molecule” and intermolecular meaning “between the molecules”.

Intramolecular force refers to the type of bonding that holds the atoms or ions together to form a stable molecule. Intermolecular force refers to the type of interaction that exists between the so formed molecules by bonding.

The physical properties of a substance such as boiling point, melting point, vapor pressure, etc., of a substance depend on the type and strength of the intermolecular force exists in it. Higher the strength of these forces, higher will be the melting and boiling point. The classification is summarized as follows –



                                                               Figure 1

                Intramolecular forces are nothing but the type of bonding between them. Ionic compounds have electrostatic force of attraction, called “ionic bond” the strongest one. Atoms having high electronegativity difference with each other forms ionic bond. An atom having slight electronegativity difference with other atom forms covalent bonds. They are of two types, that is polar and non-polar depend upon the polarity of the atoms. Metallic bond is formed between the metal atoms.



                                                               Figure 2

                Intermolecular forces are Van der Waals forces. They are weak and are of categories - London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is relatively the strongest one. It is formed in polar covalent compounds containing hydrogen and other high electronegativity like fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen. These atoms in a molecule partially bond to hydrogen of the other same molecule or within a molecule.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 12Q

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for chalk having higher melting point than motor oil and water has to be justified.

Concept introduction:

Matter exists in three distinct physical forms – solid, liquid and gas. There are two types of interactions present in matter – intramolecular meaning, “within the molecule” and intermolecular meaning “between the molecules”.

Intramolecular force refers to the type of bonding that holds the atoms or ions together to form a stable molecule. Intermolecular force refers to the type of interaction that exists between the so formed molecules by bonding.

The physical properties of a substance such as boiling point, melting point, vapor pressure, etc., of a substance depend on the type and strength of the intermolecular force exists in it. Higher the strength of these forces, higher will be the melting and boiling point. The classification is summarized as follows –



                                                               Figure 1

                Intramolecular forces are nothing but the type of bonding between them. Ionic compounds have electrostatic force of attraction, called “ionic bond” the strongest one. Atoms having high electronegativity difference with each other forms ionic bond. An atom having slight electronegativity difference with other atom forms covalent bonds. They are of two types, that is polar and non-polar depend upon the polarity of the atoms. Metallic bond is formed between the metal atoms.



                                                               Figure 2

                Intermolecular forces are Van der Waals forces. They are weak and are of categories - London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is relatively the strongest one. It is formed in polar covalent compounds containing hydrogen and other high electronegativity like fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen. These atoms in a molecule partially bond to hydrogen of the other same molecule or within a molecule.

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Answer 5

Chapter 9, Problem 12Q

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for chalk having higher melting point than motor oil and water has to be justified.

Concept introduction:

Matter exists in three distinct physical forms – solid, liquid and gas. There are two types of interactions present in matter – intramolecular meaning, “within the molecule” and intermolecular meaning “between the molecules”.

Intramolecular force refers to the type of bonding that holds the atoms or ions together to form a stable molecule. Intermolecular force refers to the type of interaction that exists between the so formed molecules by bonding.

The physical properties of a substance such as boiling point, melting point, vapor pressure, etc., of a substance depend on the type and strength of the intermolecular force exists in it. Higher the strength of these forces, higher will be the melting and boiling point. The classification is summarized as follows –



                                                               Figure 1

                Intramolecular forces are nothing but the type of bonding between them. Ionic compounds have electrostatic force of attraction, called “ionic bond” the strongest one. Atoms having high electronegativity difference with each other forms ionic bond. An atom having slight electronegativity difference with other atom forms covalent bonds. They are of two types, that is polar and non-polar depend upon the polarity of the atoms. Metallic bond is formed between the metal atoms.



                                                               Figure 2

                Intermolecular forces are Van der Waals forces. They are weak and are of categories - London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is relatively the strongest one. It is formed in polar covalent compounds containing hydrogen and other high electronegativity like fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen. These atoms in a molecule partially bond to hydrogen of the other same molecule or within a molecule.

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 12Q

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for chalk having higher melting point than motor oil and water has to be justified.

Concept introduction:

Matter exists in three distinct physical forms – solid, liquid and gas. There are two types of interactions present in matter – intramolecular meaning, “within the molecule” and intermolecular meaning “between the molecules”.

Intramolecular force refers to the type of bonding that holds the atoms or ions together to form a stable molecule. Intermolecular force refers to the type of interaction that exists between the so formed molecules by bonding.

The physical properties of a substance such as boiling point, melting point, vapor pressure, etc., of a substance depend on the type and strength of the intermolecular force exists in it. Higher the strength of these forces, higher will be the melting and boiling point. The classification is summarized as follows –



                                                               Figure 1

                Intramolecular forces are nothing but the type of bonding between them. Ionic compounds have electrostatic force of attraction, called “ionic bond” the strongest one. Atoms having high electronegativity difference with each other forms ionic bond. An atom having slight electronegativity difference with other atom forms covalent bonds. They are of two types, that is polar and non-polar depend upon the polarity of the atoms. Metallic bond is formed between the metal atoms.



                                                               Figure 2

                Intermolecular forces are Van der Waals forces. They are weak and are of categories - London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is relatively the strongest one. It is formed in polar covalent compounds containing hydrogen and other high electronegativity like fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen. These atoms in a molecule partially bond to hydrogen of the other same molecule or within a molecule.

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 12Q

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for chalk having higher melting point than motor oil and water has to be justified.

Concept introduction:

Matter exists in three distinct physical forms – solid, liquid and gas. There are two types of interactions present in matter – intramolecular meaning, “within the molecule” and intermolecular meaning “between the molecules”.

Intramolecular force refers to the type of bonding that holds the atoms or ions together to form a stable molecule. Intermolecular force refers to the type of interaction that exists between the so formed molecules by bonding.

The physical properties of a substance such as boiling point, melting point, vapor pressure, etc., of a substance depend on the type and strength of the intermolecular force exists in it. Higher the strength of these forces, higher will be the melting and boiling point. The classification is summarized as follows –



                                                               Figure 1

                Intramolecular forces are nothing but the type of bonding between them. Ionic compounds have electrostatic force of attraction, called “ionic bond” the strongest one. Atoms having high electronegativity difference with each other forms ionic bond. An atom having slight electronegativity difference with other atom forms covalent bonds. They are of two types, that is polar and non-polar depend upon the polarity of the atoms. Metallic bond is formed between the metal atoms.



                                                               Figure 2

                Intermolecular forces are Van der Waals forces. They are weak and are of categories - London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is relatively the strongest one. It is formed in polar covalent compounds containing hydrogen and other high electronegativity like fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen. These atoms in a molecule partially bond to hydrogen of the other same molecule or within a molecule.

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Ch. 9 - What are intermolecular forces? How do they differ...Ch. 9 - Define the following terms and describe how each...Ch. 9 - Compare and contrast solids, liquids, and gases.Ch. 9 - Prob. 4RQ Ch. 9 - What is a lattice? What is a unit cell? Describe a...Ch. 9 - What is closest packing? What is the difference...Ch. 9 - Describe, in general, the structures of ionic...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 10RQ Ch. 9 - Compare and contrast the phase diagrams of water...

Solution Summary: The author explains that intramolecular forces are the type of bonding that holds atoms or ions together to form a stable molecule.

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