Chapter 9, Problem 102E

Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide. Instead of melting, solid carbon dioxide sublimes according to the equation:
${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{s}\right)\to {\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right)$
When dry ice is added to warm water, heat from the water causes the dry ice to sublime more quickly The evaporating carbon dioxide produces a dense fog often used to create special effects. In a simple dry ice fog machine, dry ice is added to warm water in a Styrofoam cooler. The dry ice produces fog until it evaporates away, or until the water gets too cold to sublime the dry ice quickly enough A small Styrofoam cooler holds 15.0 L of water heated to 85 °C. Use standard enthalpies of formation to calculate the change in enthalpy for dry ice sublimation, and calculate the mass of dry ice that should be added to the water so that the dry ice completely sublimes away when the water reaches 25 °C. Assume no heat loss to the surroundings. (The $\Delta {\text{H}}_{\text{f}}^{\text{o}}$ for CO₂ (s) is -427.4 kJ.mol)

When carbon dioxide sublimes, the gaseous CO₂is cold enough to cause water vapor in the air to condense, forming fog.