The electronegativity of sulphur atoms should be calculated using ionization energy and electron attachment enthalpy values which should be compared with the electronegativity value of given atom. Concept Introduction: Electronegativity: It is defined as the capacity of the atom to abstract the pair of electrons towards itself results to have high negative charge. Polar molecule: The molecule consists of atoms bonded with different electronegativity. Dipole moment is used to measure the polarity of the molecule. Polarity of a molecule is measured in term of dipole moment . Dipole moment for a polar molecule is non-zero and for a non-polar molecule dipole moment is zero. Bond dissociation enthalpy: Bond energy or more correctly the bond dissociation enthalpy is the enthalpy change when breaking a bond in a molecule with the reactant and products in the gas phase. The process of breaking bonds in a molecule is always endothermic, so Δ r H for bond breaking is always positive.

Question

Given a 1,3-dicarbonyl compound, state the (condensed) formula of the compound obtaineda) if I add hydroxylamine (NH2OH) to give an isooxazole.b) if I add thiosemicarbazide (NH2-CO-NH-NH2) to give an isothiazole.

Answer 1

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 8.10, Problem 3.3ACP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronegativity of sulphur atoms should be calculated using ionization energy and electron attachment enthalpy values which should be compared with the electronegativity value of given atom.

Concept Introduction:

Electronegativity: It is defined as the capacity of the atom to abstract the pair of electrons towards itself results to have high negative charge.

Polar molecule: The molecule consists of atoms bonded with different electronegativity. Dipole moment is used to measure the polarity of the molecule.

Polarity of a molecule is measured in term of dipole moment.

Dipole moment for a polar molecule is non-zero and for a non-polar molecule dipole moment is zero.

Bond dissociation enthalpy: Bond energy or more correctly the bond dissociation enthalpy is the enthalpy change when breaking a bond in a molecule with the reactant and products in the gas phase. The process of breaking bonds in a molecule is always endothermic, so ΔrH for bond breaking is always positive.

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Given a 1,3-dicarbonyl compound, state the (condensed) formula of the compound obtaineda) if I add hydroxylamine (NH2OH) to give an isooxazole.b) if I add thiosemicarbazide (NH2-CO-NH-NH2) to give an isothiazole.

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Answer 2

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 8.10, Problem 3.3ACP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronegativity of sulphur atoms should be calculated using ionization energy and electron attachment enthalpy values which should be compared with the electronegativity value of given atom.

Concept Introduction:

Electronegativity: It is defined as the capacity of the atom to abstract the pair of electrons towards itself results to have high negative charge.

Polar molecule: The molecule consists of atoms bonded with different electronegativity. Dipole moment is used to measure the polarity of the molecule.

Polarity of a molecule is measured in term of dipole moment.

Dipole moment for a polar molecule is non-zero and for a non-polar molecule dipole moment is zero.

Bond dissociation enthalpy: Bond energy or more correctly the bond dissociation enthalpy is the enthalpy change when breaking a bond in a molecule with the reactant and products in the gas phase. The process of breaking bonds in a molecule is always endothermic, so ΔrH for bond breaking is always positive.

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Answer 3

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 8.10, Problem 3.3ACP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronegativity of sulphur atoms should be calculated using ionization energy and electron attachment enthalpy values which should be compared with the electronegativity value of given atom.

Concept Introduction:

Electronegativity: It is defined as the capacity of the atom to abstract the pair of electrons towards itself results to have high negative charge.

Polar molecule: The molecule consists of atoms bonded with different electronegativity. Dipole moment is used to measure the polarity of the molecule.

Polarity of a molecule is measured in term of dipole moment.

Dipole moment for a polar molecule is non-zero and for a non-polar molecule dipole moment is zero.

Bond dissociation enthalpy: Bond energy or more correctly the bond dissociation enthalpy is the enthalpy change when breaking a bond in a molecule with the reactant and products in the gas phase. The process of breaking bonds in a molecule is always endothermic, so ΔrH for bond breaking is always positive.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 8.10, Problem 3.3ACP

Interpretation Introduction