Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399074
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 56PS
Oxygen atoms can combine with ozone to form oxygen:
O3(g) + O(g) → 2 O2(g)
Using
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Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition
Consider the following equilibrium:
2NO2 (g) = N2O4(g)
AGº = -5.4 kJ
Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 4.53 atm of dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) at 279. °C. Answer the following questions about this system:
Under these conditions, will the pressure of N2O4 tend to rise or fall?
Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding NO2?
In other words, if you said the pressure of N2O4 will tend to rise, can that
be changed to a tendency to fall by adding NO2? Similarly, if you said the
pressure of N2O4 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to
'2'
rise by adding NO2?
If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate
the minimum pressure of NO 2 needed to reverse it.
Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
00
rise
☐ x10
fall
yes
no
☐ atm
G
Ar
1
Why do we analyse salt?
Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using
the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved
electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or
mechanistic step(s).
Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making
steps.
H
H
CH3OH, H+
H
Select to Add Arrows
H°
0:0
'H
+
Q
HH
■ Select to Add Arrows
CH3OH,
H*
H.
H
CH3OH, H+
HH
■ Select to Add Arrows i
Please select a drawing or reagent from the question area
Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Ch. 8.2 - Draw Lewis electron dot structures for CH3Cl...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8.2CYUCh. 8.2 - Prob. 8.3CYUCh. 8.2 - Prob. 8.4CYUCh. 8.3 - Prob. 8.5CYUCh. 8.4 - Draw resonance structures for the bicarbonate ion,...Ch. 8.5 - Sketch the Lewis structures for CIF2+ and CIF2....Ch. 8.6 - What is the shape of the dichloromethane (CH2C12)...Ch. 8.6 - Give the electron-pair geometry and molecular...Ch. 8.6 - Draw the Lewis structure for lCl2, and then decide...
Ch. 8.7 - For each of the following pairs of bonds, decide...Ch. 8.7 - Draw the resonance structures for SCN. What are...Ch. 8.8 - For each of the following molecules, decide...Ch. 8.8 - The electrostatic potential surface for SOCl2 is...Ch. 8.9 - Using the bond dissociation enthalpies in Table...Ch. 8.10 - Prob. 1.1ACPCh. 8.10 - Do any of the atoms in an ibuprofen molecule have...Ch. 8.10 - What is the most polar bond in the molecule?
Ch. 8.10 - Prob. 1.4ACPCh. 8.10 - Prob. 1.5ACPCh. 8.10 - Prob. 1.6ACPCh. 8.10 - Are there any 120° bond angles in ibuprofen? Any...Ch. 8.10 - Prob. 1.8ACPCh. 8.10 - Prob. 2.2ACPCh. 8.10 - Calculate the difference in electronegativity...Ch. 8.10 - Predict the bond dissociation enthalpy for a...Ch. 8.10 - Prob. 3.3ACPCh. 8 - Give the periodic group number and number of...Ch. 8 - Give the periodic group number and number of...Ch. 8 - For elements in Groups 4A-7A of the periodic...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4PSCh. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Show all possible resonance structures for each of...Ch. 8 - Show all possible resonance structures for each of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 11PSCh. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Determine the formal charge on each atom in the...Ch. 8 - Determine the formal charge on each atom in the...Ch. 8 - Determine the formal charge on each atom in the...Ch. 8 - Determine the formal charge on each atom in the...Ch. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 18PSCh. 8 - Prob. 19PSCh. 8 - The following molecules or ions all have three...Ch. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Give approximate values for the indicated bond...Ch. 8 - Give approximate values for the indicated bond...Ch. 8 - Phenylalanine is one of the natural amino acids...Ch. 8 - Acetylacetone has the structure shown here....Ch. 8 - For each pair of bonds, indicate the more polar...Ch. 8 - For each of the bonds listed below, tell which...Ch. 8 - Urea, (NH2)2CO, is used in plastics and...Ch. 8 - Considering both formal charges and bond...Ch. 8 - Considering both formal charge and bond...Ch. 8 - Three resonance structures are possible for...Ch. 8 - Three resonance structures are possible for the...Ch. 8 - Compare the electron dot structures of the...Ch. 8 - Compare the electron dot structures of the...Ch. 8 - The chemistry of the nitrite ion and HNO2: (a) Two...Ch. 8 - Draw the resonance structures for the formate ion,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 39PSCh. 8 - Consider the following molecules: (a) CH4 (b)...Ch. 8 - Which of the following molecules is(are) polar?...Ch. 8 - Prob. 42PSCh. 8 - Give the bond order for each bond in the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 44PSCh. 8 - In each pair of bonds, predict which is shorter....Ch. 8 - In each pair of bonds, predict which is shorter....Ch. 8 - Prob. 47PSCh. 8 - Compare the carbon-oxygen bond lengths in the...Ch. 8 - Consider the carbon-oxygen bond in formaldehyde...Ch. 8 - Compare the nitrogen-nitrogen bond in hydrazine,...Ch. 8 - Ethanol can be made by the reaction of ethylene...Ch. 8 - Methanol can be made by partial oxidation of...Ch. 8 - Hydrogenation reactions, which involve the...Ch. 8 - Phosgene, Cl2CO, is a highly toxic gas that was...Ch. 8 - The compound oxygen difluoride is quite reactive,...Ch. 8 - Oxygen atoms can combine with ozone to form...Ch. 8 - Prob. 57GQCh. 8 - Prob. 58GQCh. 8 - Which of the following compounds or ions do not...Ch. 8 - Prob. 60GQCh. 8 - Draw resonance structures for the formate ion,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 62GQCh. 8 - Prob. 63GQCh. 8 - What is the principle of electroneutrality? Use...Ch. 8 - Prob. 65GQCh. 8 - Draw resonance structures for the SO2 molecule,...Ch. 8 - What are the orders of the NO bonds in NO2 and...Ch. 8 - Which has the greater ONO bond angle, NO2 or NO2+?...Ch. 8 - Compare the FClF angles in CIF2+ and ClF2. Using...Ch. 8 - Draw an electron dot structure for the cyanide...Ch. 8 - Draw the electron dot structure for the sulfite...Ch. 8 - Dinitrogen monoxide, N2O, can decompose to...Ch. 8 - The equation for the combustion of gaseous...Ch. 8 - The cyanate ion, OCN, has the least...Ch. 8 - Vanillin is the flavoring agent in vanilla extract...Ch. 8 - Explain why (a) XeF2 has a linear molecular...Ch. 8 - The formula for nitryl chloride is ClNO2 (in which...Ch. 8 - Hydroxyproline is a less-common amino acid. (a)...Ch. 8 - Amides are an important class of organic...Ch. 8 - Prob. 81GQCh. 8 - The molecule shown here. 2-furylmelhanethiol, is...Ch. 8 - Dihydroxyacetone is a component of quick-tanning...Ch. 8 - It is possible to draw three resonance structures...Ch. 8 - Acrolein is used to make plastics. Suppose this...Ch. 8 - Molecules in space: (a) In addition to molecules...Ch. 8 - 1,2-Dichloroethylene can be synthesized by adding...Ch. 8 - The molecule pictured below is epinephrine, a...Ch. 8 - You are doing an experiment in the laboratory and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 90ILCh. 8 - A paper published in the research Journal Science...Ch. 8 - Uracil is one of the bases in RNA, a close...Ch. 8 - Guanine is present in both DNA and RNA. (a) What...Ch. 8 - Prob. 94ILCh. 8 - Prob. 95SCQCh. 8 - Prob. 96SCQCh. 8 - Bromine-containing species play a role in...Ch. 8 - Acrylamide, H2C=CHCONH2, is a known neurotoxin and...
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- Predict the major products of this reaction. Cl₂ hv ? Draw only the major product or products in the drawing area below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. If there will be no products because there will be no significant reaction, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Note for advanced students: you can ignore any products of repeated addition. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 80 10 m 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility DII A F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 EO F11arrow_forwardGiven a system with an anodic overpotential, the variation of η as a function of current density- at low fields is linear.- at higher fields, it follows Tafel's law.Calculate the range of current densities for which the overpotential has the same value when calculated for both cases (the maximum relative difference will be 5%, compared to the behavior for higher fields).arrow_forwardUsing reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) = 2NH3 (g) AGº = -34. KJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 8.06 atm of nitrogen (N2) and 2.58 atm of ammonia (NH3) at 106. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of N2 tend to rise or fall? ☐ x10 fall Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding H₂? In other words, if you said the pressure of N2 will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding H2? Similarly, if you said the pressure of N will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding H₂? If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of H₂ needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. yes no ☐ atm Х ด ? olo 18 Ararrow_forward
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